Genesis 1:1-5

Genesis 1:1-5
Baptism of the Lord B

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1 When GodI beganII to createIII the heavensIV and the earth,V 

Notes on verse 1

I “God” = Elohim.
II “began” = reshith. From rosh (head, captain, or chief; excellent or the forefront; first in position or in statue or in time). This is beginning, first place, highest rank, chief thing.
III “create” = bara. This is to create, shape, choose, or select. It is the word used in Genesis 1:1 when God created the heavens and the earth.
IV “heavens” = shamayim. Root may mean being lofty. This is sky, the air, or heaven. It is in a dual noun form so this might refer to the part of the sky where the clouds move on the one hand and the part beyond that where the sun, moon, and stars are on the other hand.
V “earth” = erets. Root may mean to be firm. This is earth, ground, field land, or country.

the earth wasVI complete chaos,VII and darknessVIII covered the faceIX of the deep,X

Notes on verse 2a

VI “was” = hayah. This is to be or become, to happen.
VII “complete chaos” = tohu + bohu. Tohu is from a root that may mean a wasteland or desert. This is desolation or waste. Figuratively, it refers to emptiness, chaos, confusion, futility, something worthless or meaningless, or unreality. Used as an adverb, it can mean in vain. Bohu is 3x in OT. Root might mean being empty. So, this is void or chaos or ruin.
VIII “darkness” = choshek. From chashak (to be or become dark). This is literal darkness is contrast to light. Figuratively, it can be obscurity, sorrow, misery, blindness, wickedness, destruction, death. It can also be hiding places. Additionally, it can mean judgment, mourning, ignorance, evil, or sin.
IX “face” = paneh. From panah (to turn, face, appear). This is face in a literal or figurative sense. It could be face, presence, anger, respect. It can also be used of God to indicate divine favor or presence.
X “deep” = tehom. Perhaps from hum (to roar, murmur, cause an uproar, agitate; to defeat in battle, destroy). This is the deep or the abyss. Either understood as a formless empty place of nothingness or as a place of confusion filled with water – the deep the feeds the waters of the earth.

while a windXI from God sweptXII over the face of the waters.XIII Then God said, “Let there be light,”XIV and there was light. 

Notes on verses 2b-3

XI “wind” = ruach. This is breath, wind, air, cool, spirit. This is wind, which resembles the breath and so this can be used figuratively for life itself or being frail/mortal/impermanent. It can refer to the air of the sky or the spirit.
XII “swept” = rachaph. 3x in OT. This is to flutter or move or shake. It can also mean to relax or grow soft.
XIII “waters” = mayim. This is water, waters, or waterway in a general sense. Figuratively, it can also mean juice, urine, or semen.
XIV “light” = or. From or (to be or become light). This is light, sun, sunshine, dawn, or daylight. Figuratively, it can refer to light from instruction, light of a face (that is to say one that is cheerful or finds favor). It can refer to prosperity or salvation; a light that guides, a light eternal from Zion.

And God sawXV that the light was good,XVI and God separatedXVII the light fromXVIII the darkness. 

Notes on verse 4

XV “saw” = raah. This is to see in a literal or figurative sense so stare, advise, think, view.
XVI “good” = tob. From tob (to be pleasing, to be good). This is good, beautiful, pleasant, agreeable, bountiful, at ease. This word is used for goodness as a concept, a good thing, a good person. This can refer to prosperity and welfare as well as joy, kindness, sweetness, and graciousness. So, this is ethically good, but also enjoyably good.
XVII “separated” = badal. This is to divide, distinguish, select, differ, sever. It is to divine in a literal or figurative sense.
XVIII “from” = bayin. From bin (to discern, consider, attend to; distinguishing things in one’s mind or, more generally, to understand). This is among, between, interval.

God calledXIX the light Day,XX and the darkness he called Night.XXI And there was eveningXXII and there was morning,XXIII the firstXXIV day.

Notes on verse 5

XIX “called” = qara. This is to call or call out – to call someone by name. Also used more broadly for calling forth.
XX “Day” = yom. Root may mean being hot. This is the day in a literal or figurative sense. It can also mean birth, age, daylight, continually or other references to time.
XXI “Night” = layil. Properly, this refers to light twisting away. It is used for night or midnight. Figuratively, this can mean adversity.
XXII “evening” = ereb. This is night, dusk, or evening.
XXIII “morning” = boqer. From baqar (to seek, plow, break forth, admire, care for). This refers to the break of day. So it is dawn, early, morning, or morrow.
XXIV “first” = echad. Perhaps from achad (to unify, continue on a path; figuratively, to gather one’s thoughts). This is the number one, first, united. It can also be alone, altogether, a certain, a few.


Image credit: “The Creation” by James Tissot, between 1896 and 1902.

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