Joshua 18

^I “whole” = kol. From kalal (to complete). This is all or every.
^II “congregation” = edah. From yaad (to appoint, assemble or gather selves, agree) OR from ed (witness, testimony, recorder); from ud (to admonish, repeat, duplicate, testify, restore, record, relieve). This is a congregation, assembly, or company. It could be a family, crowd, or fixture.
^III “Israelites” = ben + Yisrael. Literally, “children of Israel.” Ben is from banah (to build or obtain children). This is son, age, child. It is son in a literal or figurative sense. Yisrael is from sarah (to persist, exert oneself, contend, persevere, wrestle, prevail) + El (God or god). This is Israel, meaning God strives or one who strives with God; new name for Jacob and for his offspring. This refers to the people and to the land.
^IV “assembled” = qahal. From qahal (assembly, congregation, multitude). This is to gather, convene, assemble like a congregation.

^V “Shiloh” = Shiloh. From shalah (to draw out, take away, require) OR from the same as Shiyloh (Shiloh; perhaps “he whose it is” or “tranquil”); perhaps from shalah (to be quiet, safe, tranquil; can imply success or happiness; could also mean to deceive or be negligent). This is Shiloh, perhaps “he whose it is” or “tranquil.”
^VI “set up” = shakan. This is to settle down in the sense of residing somewhere or staying there permanently. It can mean abide or continue. “Mishkan,” taken from this verb, is the Hebrew word for the Tabernacle (as a place where God abided).
^VII “tent” = ohel. Perhaps from ahal (to shine, be clear). This is a tent, covering, home, or side pillar.
^VIII “meeting” = moed. Related to “congregation” in v1. From yaad (see note II above). This is a meeting, assembly, fixed time. It can be used for a festival or feast. It can also refer to a meeting place.

^IX “land” = erets. Root may mean to be firm. This is earth, ground, field land, or country.
^X “lay subdued” = kabash. 14x in OT. This is to subdue, tread down, trample, disregard, violate, assault, or conquer.
^XI “before” = paneh. From panah (to turn, face, appear). This is face in a literal or figurative sense. It could be face, presence, anger, respect. It can also be used of God to indicate divine favor or presence.

^XII “remained” = yathar. This is to jut over, remain behind, preserve, to excel. It can be to leave or to be in abundance.
^XII “seven” = sheba. This is seven or by sevenfold. It can also be used to imply a week or an indefinite number. Symbolically, this is the number of fullness, sacredness, perfection.
^XIV “tribes” = shebet. This is a rod, staff, club, scepter, dart, or tribe. Literally a stick that can be used for punishing, writing, fighting, walking, ruling; thus, used figuratively for a clan.
^XV “inheritance” = nachalah. Related to nachal (to inherit, occupy, distribute, take as heritage). This is properly something that was inherited. It can mean occupancy generally or, more particularly, an heirloom or an estate. This can be an inheritance, gift, possession, or portion.
^XVI “apportioned” = chalaq. This is to be smooth in a figurative sense. So, it can refer to the stones that were part of casting lots – hence, apportion, share, distribute. Figuratively, it can also mean to flatter.

^XVII “Joshua” = Yehoshua. From YHVH (proper name of the God of Israel; the self-existent and eternal one); {from havah (to become) or from hayah (to come to pass, become, be)} + yasha (to deliver, defend, help, preserve, rescue; properly, to be open, wide or free, which implies being safe. So, in a causative sense, this is to free someone). This is Joshua, Jeshua, or Yehoshua, which means “the Lord is salvation.”
^XVIII “said” = amar. This is to speak, say, answer, command, promise, report.
^XIX “be slack” = raphah. This is to slacken in a literal or figurative sense. So, it could be to hang, be feeble, fail, drop, be helpless, relax, slink, subside, or wait.
^XX “going in” = bo. This is to enter, come in, advance, fulfill, bring offerings, enter to worship, attack. It can also have a sexual connotation.

^XXI “taking possession” = yarash. This is inheriting or dispossessing. It refers to occupying or colonizing – taking territory by driving out the previous inhabitants and living there instead of them. By implication, it can mean to seize or rob, to expel, ruin, or impoverish.
^XXII “Lord” = YHVH. Related to “Joshua” in v3. See note XVII above.
^XXIII “God” = Elohim. Related to “Israelites” in v1. See note III above.
^XXIV “ancestors” = ab. This is father, chief, or ancestor. It is father in a literal or figurative sense.
^XXV “given” = natan. This is to give, put, set, offer. It is to give literally or figuratively.

^XXVI “provide” = yahab. This is give, put, bring, take. It is to give in a literal or figurative sense.
^XXVII “three” = shalosh. This is three, fork, three times.
^XXVIII “men” = ish. Perhaps from enosh (human, humankind, mortal); from anash (to be weak, sick, or frail). This is man, husband, another, or humankind.
^XXIX “send…out” = shalach. This is to send out, away, send for, forsake. It can also mean to divorce or set a slave free.
^XXX “begin” = qum. To arise, stand, accomplish, establish, abide. This is rising as in rising against, getting up after being sick or asleep, arising from one state to another, becoming powerful, or rising for action. It can also be standing in a figurative sense.

^XXXI “go” = halak. This is go, come, walk. It is walk literally and figuratively and includes people and animals. It can be used figuratively for one’s moral life – how we walk according to God’s way or against it. It can also refer to the walk of life as in the course one’s life takes, the choices we make, etc.
^XXXII “writing a description” = kathab. This is to inscribe, write, record, or decree.
^XXXIII “view” = peh. This is mouth in a literal or figurative sense. So, more literally, it can be beak or jaws. More figuratively, it refers to speech, commands, or promises.
^XXXIV “come back” = bo. Same as “going in” in v3. See note XX above.

^XXXV “divide” = chalaq. Same as “apportioned” in v2. See note XVI above.
^XXXVI “portions” = cheleq. Related to “apportioned” in v2. From chalaq (see note XVI above). This is a division, lot, inheritance, legacy, or portion. It can also refer to a smooth tongue.
^XXXVII “Judah” = Yehudah. Probably from yadah (to throw one’s hands into the air in a gesture of praise); from yad (hand). This is Judah, meaning “praised.”
^XXVIII “continuing” = amad. This is to stand up in a literal or figurative sense. So it can be establish, continue, endure, take a stand, act, be a servant, stand still, remain, stand against an enemy.

^XXXIX “territory” = gebul. Perhaps from gabal (to border, twist like rope). This is boundary, limit, coast, space. Properly, it is a line that is twisted, which implies a boundary and, by extension, the boundaries of a territory or other enclosed space.
^XL “south” = negeb. Root may mean to be parched. The Negeb is the south country – sometimes used to refer to Egypt. This is a land that suffers from a lot of drought.
^XLI “house” = bayit. Related to “Israelites” in v1. Probably from banah (see note III above). This is house, court, family, palace, temple.
^XLII “Joseph” = Yoseph. From yasaph (to add, increase, continue, exceed). This is Joseph, meaning “he increases” or “let him add.”

^XLIII {untranslated} = amad. Same as “continuing” in v5. See note XXXVIII above.
^XLIV “north” = tsaphon. From tsaphan (to hide, hoard, reserve; to cover over or figuratively to deny; also to lurk). This is properly hidden, dark, or gloomy. It can also be used to refer to the north.
^XLV “divisions” = cheleq. Same as “portions” in v5. See note XXXVI above.
^XLVI “bring” = bo. Same as “going in” in v3. See note XX above.
^XLVII “here” = hennah. Perhaps from hen (lo! Behold! If, though; an expression of surprise). This is here in a location or here in a time, i.e. now.

^XLVIII “cast” = yarah. This is to throw, shoot, be stunned. It is to flow as water so figuratively to instruct or teach. This is the same root that “Jerusalem” and “Torah” draw from.
^XLIX “lots” = goral. Root may mean to be rough like a stone. A lot was probably a small pebble used to determine one’s portion or what one should do (the will of a god or one’s destiny).
^L “here” = poh. This is here, this, or that part.
^LI “before” = paneh. Same as “before” in v1. See note XI above.

^LII “Levites” = Leviyyi. From Levi (Levi; perhaps meaning “attached”; Jacob’s son, his tribe, and descendants); perhaps from lavah (to join, twine, unite, remain, borrow, lend). This is Levite or levitical.
^LIII “no” = ayin. Perhaps from a word that means to be nothing. This means nothing, none, non-existent. It can also simply mean not or are not.
^LIV “among” = qereb. Perhaps from qarab (to come near or approach). This is among, in the midst, before, the center It is the inward part, whether literal or figurative. It can also be used for the heart, the site of thoughts and feelings. This word is also used as a technical term for the entrails of the animals who are sacrificed.
^LV “priesthood” = kehunnah. 14x in OT. From the same as kohen (a priest, one who officiates or acts as priest). This is priesthood or priestly duties.
^LVI “heritage” = nachalah. Same as “inheritance” in v2. See note XV above.

^LVII “Gad” = Gad. Perhaps from gad (fortune, troop; Gad, the name of a god of Babylon); from gad (fortunate, a troop); from gud (to invade, overcome, attack). This is Gad, one of Jacob’s children, his tribe and the land they settled. It means “fortune” or “fortunate.”
^LVIII “Reuben” = Reuben. Related to “Israelites” in v1 & “house” in v5. From raah (to see, show, stare, think, view; to see in a literal or figurative sense) + ben (see note III above). This is Reuben, meaning “behold a son.”
^LIX “half” = chatsi. From chatsah (to halve, divide, reach, participate). This is half, middle, midnight, midst.
^LX “Manasseh” = Menashsheh. From nashah (to forget, neglect, remove, deprive). This is Manasseh, literally “causing to forget.” It is Manasseh, his tribe, or the lands of the tribe.

^LXI “received” = laqach. This is to take, accept, carry away, receive. It can also have the sense of take a wife or take in marriage.
^LXII “beyond” = eber. From abar (to pass over, pass through, or pass by; cross over or to alienate; used for transitions). This is the place across or beyond, by, from, other, the opposite side, against, over. It often refers to the other side of the Jordan river or toward the east.
^LXIII “Jordan” = Yarden. From yarad (to go down, descend; going down in a literal or figurative sense; going to the shore or a boundary, bringing down an enemy). This is the Jordan River, meaning “descending.”
^LXIV “eastward” = mizrach. From zarach (to rise, shine, or dawn; can also describe symptoms of leprosy). This is the east as the place where the sun rises. It can also refer to the sunrise itself.

^LXV “Moses” = Mosheh. From mashah (to pull out in a literal or figurative sense, to draw out) OR from Egyptian mes or mesu (child, son i.e. child of…). This is Moses – the one drawn out from the water, which is to say, rescued. If derived from the Egyptian, his name would share a root with Rameses and Thutmose.
^LXVI “servant” = ebed. From abad (to work, serve, compel; any kind of work; used causatively, can mean to enslave or keep in bondage). This is a servant, slave, or bondservant.
^LXVII “men” = enosh. Related to “men” in v4. See note XXVIII above.
^LXVIII “started” = qum. Same as “begin” in v4. See note XXX above.
^LXIX “way” = halak. Same as “go” in v4. See note XXXI above.

^LXX “charged” = tsavah. This is to charge, command, order, appoint, or enjoin. This is the root that the Hebrew word for “commandment” comes from (mitsvah).
^LXXI “went” = halak. Same as “go” in v4. See note XXXI above.
^LXXII “go throughout” = halak + halak. Same as “go” in v4. See note XXXI above.
^LXXIII “come back” = shub. To turn back, return, turn away – literally or figuratively. Doesn’t necessarily imply going back to where you started from. This is also the root verb for the Hebrew word for repentance “teshubah.”
^LXXIV “cast” = shalak. This is to throw, fling, or hurl. It can also be to throw away in a literal or figurative sense.
^LXXV “here” = poh. Same as “here” in v6. See note L above.
^LXXVI “before” = paneh. Same as “before” in v1. See note XI above.

^LXXVII “men” = enosh. Same as “men” in v8. See note LXVII above.
^LXXVIII “went” = halak. Same as “go” in v4. See note XXXI above.
^LXXIX “traversed” = abar. Related to “beyond” in v7. See note LXII above.
^LXXX “set down” = kathab. Same as “writing a description” in v4. See note XXXII above.
^LXXXI “book” = sepher. Perhaps from saphar (to tally or record something; to enumerate, recount, number, celebrate, or declare). This can be writing itself or something that is written like a document, book, letter, evidence, bill, scroll, or register.
^LXXXII “towns” = iyr. From uwr (to awaken or wake oneself up). This can mean excitement in the sense of wakefulness or city. Properly, this is a place that is guarded. Guards kept schedules according to watches. This sense of the word would include cities as well as encampments or posts that were guarded.

^LXXXIII “came back” = bo. Same as “going in” in v3. See note XX above.
^LXXXIV “camp” = machaneh. From chanah (to decline, bending down, or living in tents; can be camping to create a home or camping as a part of battle). This is an encampment, whether of people traveling together or soldiers. So, it can be a camp band, or company as well as an army of soldiers. Also can be used of other groups like animals, angels or stars.
^LXXXV “cast” = shalak. Same as “cast” in v8. See note LXXIV above.
^LXXXVI “before” = paneh. Same as “before” in v1. See note XI above.
^LXXXVII “portion” = machaloqeth. Related to “apportioned” in v2 & “portions” in v5. From chalaq (see note XVI above). This is division, escape, company. It can be a group of Levites, soldiers, or others.

^LXXXVIII “tribe” = matteh. From natah (to stretch or spread out, extend, bend). This is a staff, rod, branch, or tribe. It could be a rod for discipline or correction. It could be a scepter to indicate authority, a throwing lance, or a walking staff. Figuratively, it could also be something that supports life (like bread).
^LXXXIX {untranslated} = ben. Same as “Israelites” in v1. See note III above.
^XC “Benjamin” = Binyamin. Related to “Israelites” in v1 & “house” in v5 & “Reuben” in v7. From ben (see note III above) + from yamin (right hand or side; that which is stronger or more agile; the south); {perhaps yamam (to go or choose the right, use the right hand; to be physically fit or firm)}. This is Benjamin, meaning “son of the right hand.” It could refer to Benjamin himself, his offspring, their tribe, or their territory.

^XCI “families” = mishpachah. From the same as shiphcah (maid, maidservant); root means to spread out. This is one’s circle of relatives – clan, family, kindred.
^XCII “came up” = alah. This is to go up, approach, ascend, be high, be a priority; to arise in a literal or figurative sense.
^XCIII “allotted” = goral. Same as “lots” in v6. See note XLIX above.
^XCIV “fell” = yatsa. This is to go or come out, bring forth, appear. It is to go out in a literal or figurative sense.
^XCV “between” = bayin. From bin (to discern, consider, attend to; distinguishing things in one’s mind or, more generally, to understand). This is among, between, interval.
^XCVI “tribe” = ben. Same as “Israelites” in v1. See note III above.

^XCVII {untranslated} = bayin. Same as “between” in v11. See note XCV above.
^XCVIII “tribe” = ben. Same as “Israelites” in v1. See note III above.
^XCIX “side” = peah. Related to “here” in v6. From paah (to puff, scatter, cut in pieces) OR poh (see note L above). This is a side, edge, region, temple, corner.
^C “boundary” = gebul. Same as “territory” in v5. See note XXXIX above.
^CI “began” = hayah. Related to “Joshua” and “Lord” in v3. See note XVII above.

^CII “goes up” = alah. Same as “came up” in v11. See note XCII above.
^CIII “slope” = katheph. Root may mean to clothe. This is shoulder, side, corner.
^CIV “Jericho” = Yericho. From yareach (moon); {from the same as yerach (month)} OR from ruach (smell, breathe, perceive, anticipate, accept, enjoy). This is Jericho meaning either “moon city” or “fragrant place.”
^CV “up” = alah. Same as “came up” in v11. See note XCII above.
^CVI “hill country” = har. From harar (hill or mountain). This is mountain, hill, hilly region.
^CVII “westward” = yam. Root may mean to roar. This is the sea, often referring to the Mediterranean. It comes from the root in the sense of the roar of crashing surf. This word is sometimes used for rivers or other sources of water. It can mean to the west or to the south.

^CVIII “ends” = hayah + totsaah. Hayah is the same as “began” in v12. See note CI above. Totsaah is related to “fell” in v11. From yatsa (see note XCIV above). This refers to the farthest border of something. So, it could be an exit or escape, spring, strength, deliverance, or source.
^CIX “wilderness” = midbar. From dabar (to speak, command, declare). This is mouth or speech. It can also be desert or wilderness. Additionally, it can be used for a pasture to which one drives cattle.
^CX “Beth-aven” = Beth Aven. Related to “Israelites” in v1 & “house” in v5 & “Reuben” in v7 & “Benjamin” in v11. 7x in OT. From bayit (see note XLI above) + aven (root may mean panting as one does when expending a lot of energy, especially when it comes to nothing; nothingness, trouble, sorrow, distress, wickedness, evil, harm, sorrow, misfortune, and mischief.; used specifically to refer to idols) OR from bayit (see above) + related to on (strength, power, ability, wealth, substance, or vigor); {perhaps related to aven (see above)}. This is Beth-aven, a place which may mean “house of vanity” or “house of trouble” or “house of wealth” or “house of iniquity” or “house of idolatry” or “house of strength.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Beth-aven.html

^CXI “passes along” = abar. Same as “traversed” in v9. See note LXXIX above.
^CXII “southward” = negeb. Same as “south” in v5. See note XL above.
^CXIII “Luz” = Luz.8x in OT. Probably from the same as luz (almond tree or almond wood; may also be hazel) OR from luz (to turn aside). The is Luz, meaning “almond tree” or “twisted.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Luz.html#.Xv6vzChKhPY
^CXIV “Bethel” = Betheel. Related to “Israelites” in v1 & “house” in v5 & “Reuben” in v7 & “Benjamin” in v11 & “Beth-aven” in v12 & to “Israelites” in v1 & “God” in v3. From bayit (see note XLI above) + El (see note III above). This is Bethel, literally meaning “house of God.”

^CXV “goes down” = yarad. Related to “Jordan” in v7. See note LXIII above.
^CXVI “Ataroth-addar” = Atroth addar. 2x in OT– 1x in Joshua 16 & 1x in Joshua 18. From Ataroth (Ataroth, a place meaning “crowns” or “cattle pens”); {from atarah (crown or wreath; figuratively, honor); from atar (to surround or encircle to defend, protect, or attack; to crown in a literal or figurative sense)} + Addar (Addar; a personal name and city name meaning “ample” or “wide open place” or “honorable” or “noble”). This is Ataroth-addar, a city whose name means “crowns of Addar,” “crowns of greatness,” or “wide open surroundings.” See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataroth & https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Addar.html & https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Ataroth-addar.html
^CXVII “mountain” = har. Same as “hill country” in v12. See note CVI above.

^CXVIII “Lower” = tachton. 13x in OT. From tachat (underneath, below, the bottom, instead of). This is lower, lowest, or bottommost.
^CXIX “Beth-horon” = Beth choron. Related to “Israelites” in v1 & “house” in v5 & “Reuben” in v7 & “Benjamin” in v11 & “Beth-aven” in v12 & “Bethel” in v13. 14x in OT. From bayit (see note XLI above) + chor (a hole, den, cavity); {from the same as chur (hole; a hole that was bored; a crevice where a snake lives; the cell of a prison)}. This is Beth-horon, the name of a few cities, which means “place of a hollow” or “house of hollowness” or “house of freedom” or “place of the great cavern” or “house of the free men.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Beth-horon.html
^CXX “goes” = taar. 7x in OT– 5x in Joshua & 2x in Isaiah. This is to extend, bend around, or mark out a line. It can also be to draw.
^CXXI “turning” = sabab. This is turning around, going around; to surround, cast, walk, fetch. It is to revolve or border in a literal or figurative sense.
^CXXII “western” = yam. Same as “westward” in v12. See note CVII above.

^CXXIII “opposite” = paneh. Same as “before” in v1. See note XI above.
^CXXIV “Kiriath-baal” = Qiryath Baal. 2x in OT– both in Joshua. From qiryah (city, building); {from qarah (to happen, meet, bring about)} + Baal (Baal, used for several Canaanite gods; literally, “lord”); {from the same as baal (owner, master, husband); from baal (to marry, have dominion over, to master)}. This is Kiriath-baal, which may mean “city of Baal” or “city of the lord.” See  https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Kiriath-baal.html
^CXXV “Kiriath-jearim” = Qiryath Yearim. Related to “Kiriath-baal” in v14 & to “towns” in v9. From qiryah (see note CXXIV above) + yaar (honeycomb) OR from qiryah (see above) + yaar (honeycomb, forest, thicket) OR from qiryah (see above) + iyr (see note LXXXII above). This is Kiriath-jearim, a city whose name means “city of forests” or “city of towns.”
^CXXVI “tribe” = ben. Same as “Israelites” in v1. See note III above.

^CXXVII “begins” = yatsa. Same as “fell” in v11. See note XCIV above.
^CXXVIII “outskirts” = qatseh. From qatsah (to cut off, cut short; figuratively, to destroy). This is end, brink, border, edge, frontier. It can refer to that which is within set boundaries.
^CXXIX “comes out” = yatsa. Same as “fell” in v11. See note XCIV above.
^CXXX “spring” = mayan. From ayin (eye, appearance; eye in a literal or figurative sense; a fountain). This is a spring, well, or fountain. Figuratively, this is a source of contentment.

^CXXXI “Waters” = mayim. This is water, waters, or waterway in a general sense. Figuratively, it can also mean juice, urine, or semen.
^CXXXII “Nephtoah” = Nephtoach. 2x in OT – both in Joshua. From pathach (to open wide in a literal or figurative sense; to open, draw out, let something go free, break forth, to plow, engrave, or carve). This is Nephtoah, a place whose name means “opening,” which is to say, a “spring.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Nephtoah.html
^CXXXIII “goes down” = yarad. Same as “goes down” in v13. See note CXV above.
^CXXXIV “border” = qatseh. Same as “outskirts” in v15. See note CXXVIII above.

^CXXXV “overlooks” = paneh. Same as “before” in v1. See note XI above.
^CXXXVI “valley” = gay. Perhaps from the same as gevah (pride, confidence); from gevah (the back or body); from gey (the back, among); from ga’ah (to grow up, rise, triumph, be majestic). This is valley or gorge that has high walls. It is, perhaps, a narrow valley, but not a winter-torrent.
^CXXXVII “son” = ben. Same as “Israelites” in v1. See note III above.
^CXXXVIII “Hinnom” = Hinnom. 13x in OT. Probably a foreign word OR from naham (lament, groan, noises of crying). This is Hinnom, a place that may mean “wailing” or “muffled groaning.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Ben-hinnom.html

^CXXXIX “north end” = tsaphon. Same as “north” in v5. See note XLIV above.
^CXL “valley” = emeq. From amoq (to be deep in a literal or figurative sense; profound). This is Vale or valley – frequently part of place names.
^CXLI “Rephaim” = Rapha. Related to “be slack” in v3. From raphah (see note XIX above) OR from rapha (properly, to repair by stitching – figuratively to heal or cure; to make whole). This is Rapha or Rephaim. It is someone who lived east of Jordan, a giant. It may mean “faded ones,” “healed ones,” or “what we’ve been healed from.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Rephaim.html
^CXLII “goes down” = yarad. Same as “goes down” in v13. See note CXV above.
^CXLIII “valley” = gay. Same as “valley” in v16. See note CXXXVI above.

^CXLIV “Jebusites” = Yebusi. From yebus (threshing place; one of the former names of Jerusalem); from bus (to trample down, tread in a literal or figurative sense; to loathe, pollute, squirm). This is Jebusite, meaning treaders or threshers.
^CXLV “downward” = yarad. Same as “goes down” in v13. See note CXV above.
^CXLVI “En-rogel” = En rogel. Related to “spring” in v15. 4x in OT. From Ayin (Ain; a place whose name means “spring” or “fountain”); {from the same as ayin (see note CXXX above)} + ragal (to walk along, spy out, slander); {from regel (foot, endurance, or journey; a foot as the means of walking and so it implies a step or a greater journey; can euphemistically mean private parts)}. This is En-rogel, a place whose name means “fountain of a traveler” or “eye and foot” or “fuller’s fountain.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/En-rogel.html

^CXLVII “bends” = taar. Same as “goes” in v14. See note CXX above.
^CXLVIII “northerly” = tsaphon. Same as “north” in v5. See note XLIV above.
^CXLIX “going on” = yatsa. Same as “fell” in v11. See note XCIV above.
^CL “En-shemesh” = En shemesh. Related to “spring” in v15 & “En-rogel” in v16. 2x in OT– both in Joshua. From Ayin (see note CXLVI above) + shemesh (sun or toward the east; root may mean being brilliant; figuratively, a ray or an arch). This is En-shemesh, a place whose name may mean “spring of the sun” or “fountain of the sun” or “eye of the sun.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/En-shemesh.html

^CLI “goes” = yatsa. Same as “fell” in v11. See note XCIV above.
^CLII “Geliloth” = Geliloth. 1x in OT. From gelilah (region, district, border, or coast); {from galal (to roll in a literal or figurative sense, roll away, roll down, wallow, remove, trust)} OR from galil (circle, district, or ring); {from galal (see above)}. This is Geliloth, a place whose name means “circles” or “circuits.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Geliloth.html
^CLIII “opposite” = nokach. Perhaps from the same as nekach (root may mean being straightforward; before, the front). This is in front of, before, on behalf, opposite.
^CLIV “ascent” = maaleh. Related to “came up” in v11. 15x in OT. From alah (see note XCII above). This is an ascent, platform, slope, stairs, cliff, elevation, a rise. Figuratively, it’s a priority.
^CLV “Adummim” = Adummim. 2x in OT– both in Joshua. From the same as adam (to be red or flushed). This is Adummim, a place whose name means “red spots or red ones.” If “ascent” is part of its name, it could mean “the going up of the red earths.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Adummim.html

^CLVI “goes down” = yarad. Same as “goes down” in v13. See note CXV above.
^CLVII “Stone” = eben. This is a stone, weight, or mason. It is part of the word “Ebenezer.”
^CLVIII “Bohan” = Bohan. 2x in OT– both in Joshua. From the same as bohen (may come from a root referring to thickness; a thumb or big toe). This is Bohan, a name meaning “closing” or “thumb.”
^CLIX “passing on” = abar. Same as “traversed” in v9. See note LXXIX above.
^CLX “of” = mul. Perhaps from mul (to cut short, circumcise, blunt, destroy). This is in front of, opposite, with, abrupt. Literally, it refers to some kind of precipice.
^CLXI “Beth-arabah” = arabah. From the same as arab (desert plateau, Arabia) OR from arab (to become evening); {from ereb (evening) or from arab (to exchange, give or take on pledge, braid, intermix)}. This is a desert valley or plain, wilderness. Also, the name of a place Arabah.

^CLXII “goes down” = yarad. Same as “goes down” in v13. See note CXV above.
^CLXIII “Arabah” = arabah. Same as “Beth-arabah” in v18. See note CLXI above.
^CLXIV “passes on” = abar. Same as “traversed” in v9. See note LXXIX above.
^CLXV “Beth-hoglah” = Beth choglah. Related to “Israelites” in v1 & “house” in v5 & “Reuben” in v7 & “Benjamin” in v11 & “Beth-aven” in v12 & “Bethel” and “Beth-horon” in v13. 3x in OT– all in Joshua. From bayit (see note XLI above)} + akin to Choglah (Hoglah, which may mean “partridge”); {perhaps from chagal (to wobble, hop)}. This is Beth-hoglah, a place whose name means “place of partridge” or “house of the partridge.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Beth-hoglah.html

^CLXVI “bay” = lashon. This is tongue, talker, language, or wedge. It can also be a tongue of flame or a water cove.
^CLXVII “Dead” = melach. Perhaps from malach (properly, to pulverize, temper together, dissipate; also to season or salt). This is powder; used for salt or salt pit.
^CLXVIII “Sea” = yam. Same as “westward” in v12. See note CVII above.
^CLXIX “end” = qatseh. Same as “outskirts” in v15. See note CXXVIII above.
^CLXX “southern” = negeb. Same as “south” in v5. See note XL above.
^CLXXI “border” = gebul. Same as “territory” in v5. See note XXXIX above.

^CLXXII “forms…boundary” = gabal. Related to “territory” in v5. 5x in OT. See note XXXIX above.
^CLXXIII “eastern” = qedem. Perhaps from qadam (to come in front or be in front; to meet, anticipate, confront, receive, or rise; sometimes to meet for help). This is front, formerly, before, east, eternal, everlasting, antiquity.
^CLXXIV “tribe” = ben. Same as “Israelites” in v1. See note III above.
^CLXXV “boundary” = gebulah. Related to “territory” in v5 & “forms…boundary” in v20. 10x in OT. From gebul (see note XXXIX above). This is boundary, place, territory, landmark, or coast.
^CLXXVI “all around” = sabib. Related to “turning” in v14. From sabab (see note CXXI above). This is a circuit or a circle. It could refer to an environment, one’s neighbors, or a circular path round about.

^CLXXVII “tribe” = matteh. Same as “tribe” in v11. See note LXXXVIII above.
^CLXXVIII {untranslated} = ben. Same as “Israelites” in v1. See note III above.
^CLXXIX “were” = hayah. Same as “began” in v12. See note CI above.
^CLXXX “Emek-keziz” = Emeq qetsits. Emeq is the same as “valley” in v16. See note CXL above. Qetsits is 1x in OT. Perhaps from qatsats (to cut or chop off in a literal or figurative sense). This is Emek-keziz, a city whose name means “remote valley” or “severed depth” or “vale of cuttings off.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Emek-keziz.html

^CLXXXI “Beth-arabah” = Beth Haarabah. Related to “Israelites” in v1 & “house” in v5 & “Reuben” in v7 & “Benjamin” in v11 & “Beth-aven” in v12 & “Bethel” and “Beth-horon” in v13 & “Beth-hoglah” in v19 & to “Beth-arabah” in v18. 3x in OT– all in Joshua. From bayit (see note XLI above) + arabah (a desert valley or plain, wilderness; a place called Arabah); {from the same as arab (desert plateau, Arabia) OR from arab (to become evening); {from ereb (evening) or from arab (to exchange, give or take on pledge, braid, intermix)}}. This is Beth-arabah, a place whose name means “place of the depression” or “house of the desert” or “house of criss-crossing.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Beth-arabah.html
^CLXXXII “Zemaraim” = Tsemarayim. 2x in OT. From the same as tsemer (wool, shaggy thing) OR from zamar (to trim or prune). This is Zemaraim, a place and mountain whose name means “double fleece” or “two woolen things” or “tow cuttings off” or “double mount forest.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Zemaraim.html
^CLXXXIII “Avvim” = Avvim. 1x in OT. Perhaps from Avvi (Avim, Avvim, or Avvite, which is someone from Avva. It may mean “ruiners,” “ruin-dwellers,” “inhabitants of desert places,” or “those who inhabit desert places”); {from Ivvah (Ivvah, Avva; a city); from the same as avon (sin, mischief, guilt, fault, punishment for iniquity, or moral evil) or from avvah (ruin, overturn); {from avah (to bend, make crooked, trouble)}}. This is Avvim or Avvite, referring to a city or people group whose name means “ruiners” or “ruin-dwellers.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Avvim.html & https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Avvim.html

^CLXXXIV “Parah” = Parah. 1x in OT. From the same as par (a young bull or ox); {from parar (to break, defeat, frustrate, caste off, clean, cease)} OR from parah (heifer or cow); {from the same as par (see above) OR from parah (to be fruitful)}. This is Parah, a place whose name may mean “young heifer” or “village of heifers.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Parah.html
^CLXXXV “Ophrah” = Ophrah. 8x in OT. From the same as opher (stag, fawn, hart); from aphar (to throw dust, be dust); from aphar (dust as powdered, perhaps gray colored; ashes, powder, ground, rubbish). This is Ophrah, a person and place name that may mean “female fawn.”
^CLXXXVI “Chephar-ammoni” = Kephar Haammoni. 1x in OT. {From kaphar (a village); {from the same as kephir (a young lion – maybe in the sense that it has a mane covering); {from kaphar (to appease, cover, pacify, cancel)}} OR from kaphar (see above)} + {from Ammoni (Ammonite); {from Ammon (Ammon, Ammonite; perhaps meaning “tribal”); {from im (with, against, before, beside); {perhaps from amam (to darken, hide, associate; creating shadows by huddling together)} OR from am (people or nation; a tribe, troops or armies, or figuratively to refer to a flock of animals); {from amam (see above)}}} OR from am (people or nation; a tribe, troops or armies; figuratively, a flock of animals); {from amam (see above)}}. This is Chephar-ammoni, a place whose name means “a village of the Ammonites” or “a village of the people.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Chephar-ammoni.html

^CLXXXVII “Ophni” = Ophni. 1x in OT. From aphal (to swell, rise up, be elated). This is Ophni.
^CLXXXVIII “Geba” = Geba. 18x in OT. Perhaps akin to gabia (cup, bowl, flower; root might mean being convex) OR from gibeah (hill). This is Geba or Gibeah, a city whose name means “hill.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Gibeah.html
^CLXXXIX “twelve” = shenayim + asar. Shenayim is from sheni (double, again, another, second); from shanah (to fold, repeat, double, alter, or disguise). This is two, both, second, couple. Asar is from the same as eser (ten). This is -teen or -teenth.
^CXC “villages” = chatser. From chatsar (to blow a trumpet, trumpeter, to surround); from chatsotsrah (trumpet). This is an enclosure or court – a yard that is fenced in. It could also be a village or hamlet that is walled in.

^CXCI “Gibeon” = Gibon. Related to “Geba” in v24. From the same as Geba (see note CLXXXVIII above). This is Gibeon or Gibon, meaning hilly.
^CXCII “Ramah” = Ramah. From rum (to be high, rise, exalt self, extol, be haughty; to rise literally or figuratively) OR from ramah (properly, to loosen; figuratively, to deceive to various degrees). This is Ramah, meaning “height” or “lofty place” or “deceit” or “established” or “loose.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Ramah.html
^CXCIII “Beeroth” = Beeroth. From beer (a well or pit); {from baar (to make plain; to dig; can also mean to engrave or figuratively to explain). This is Beeroth, a place whose name means “wells.”
^CXCIV “Mizpeh” = Mitspeh. 10x in OT. From mitspeh (watchtower – particularly one for military use); from tsaphah (to look out, look around, spy watchman, sentinel; leaning out to look far away; to await or observe). This is Mizpah or Mizpeh, a place meaning “watchtower.”
^CXCV “Chephirah” = Kphiyrah. Related to “Chephar-ammoni” in v24. 4x in OT. From kephir (see note CLXXXVI above). This is Chephirah, a city whose name means “the village.

^CXCVI “Mozah” = Motsah. Related to “charged” in v8 & to “fell” in v11 & “ends” in v12. 1x in OT. Perhaps from matsah (to drain, wring out) OR from mitsvah (a commandment, law, ordinance obligation, or tradition; something commanded whether by God or by a human authority; used collectively to refer to the Law); {from tsavah (see note LXX above)} OR from motsa (going forth as an act or the site from which something goes forth; exiting a place or the place where one exits; a source or a produce; a spring or fountain; the dawn as the rising of the sin, an export, gate mine); {from yatsa (see note XCIV above)} OR from matstsah (unleavened bread – bread that is sweet rather than becoming sour with the flavor of yeast; the festival of Passover; matzoh); {from matsats (to drain out)}. This is Mozah, a place whose name may mean “drained” or “unleavened bread” or “law” or “a place of going forth” or “fountain.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Mozah.html
^CXCVII “Rekem” = Reqem. 6x in OT. From raqam (to embroider, weave, vary color, fabricate). This is Rekem or Reqem, meaning “having many colors.”
^CXCVIII “Irpeel” = Yirpeel. Related to “Rephaim” in v16 & to “Israelites” in v1 & “God” in v3 & “Bethel” in v13. 1x in OT. From rapha (see note CXLI above) + El (see note III above). This is Irpeel, a place whose name means “God will heal.”

^CXCIX “Taralah” = Taralah. Related to “Israelites” in v1 & “God” in v3 & “Bethel” in v13 & “Irpeel” in v27. 1x in OT. Perhaps from tarelah (a reeling, trembling, or amazement); {from raal (to shake, reel, quiver; figuratively, to brandish)} OR from tor (dove) + El (see note III above). This is Taraalah, a place whose name may mean “a reeling” or “flapping” or “dove of God.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Taralah.html
^CC “Zela” = Tsela. 2x in OT. From the same as tsela (rib, side, leaf, plank, side of a person or object; quarter of the sky); {perhaps from tsala (to limp, be lame)} OR from tsela (limping, stumbling, adversity); {from tsala (see above)}. This is Zela, a place.
^CCI “Haeleph” = Eleph. 1x in OT. From eleph (thousand, multitude); from the same as eleph (herd, cattle); from alaph (to learn, speak, associate with). This is Haeleph, a city whose name means “cattle” or “ox” or “a great multitude.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Haeleph.html

^CCII “Jebus” = Yebusi. Same as “Jebusites” in v16. See note CXLIV above.
^CCIII “Jerusalem” = Yerushalaim. Related to “cast” in v6. From yarah (see note XLVIII above) + shalam (to make amends, to be complete or sound). This is Jerusalem, dwelling of peace.
^CCIV “Gibeah” = Gibath. Related to “Geba” in v24 & “Gibeon” in v25. 1x in OT. From the same as Gibah (Gibeah; a place whose name means hill); from the same as Geba (see note CLXXXVIII above). This is Gibeah, a place whose name means “hilliness” or “hill.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Gibeah.html
^CCV “Kiriath-jearim” = Qiryath. Same as “Kiriath-jearim” in v14. See note CXX above.
^CCVI “fourteen” = arba + asar. Arba is Asar is the same as “twelve” in v24. See note CLXXXIX above.
^CCVII “tribe” = ben. Same as “Israelites” in v1. See note III above.