Deuteronomy 4

^I “Israel” = Yisrael. From sarah (to persist, exert oneself, contend, persevere, wrestle, prevail) + El (God or god). This is Israel, meaning God strives or one who strives with God; new name for Jacob and for his offspring. This refers to the people and to the land.
^II “give heed” = shama. This is to hear, call, consent, or consider. It implies listening intelligently, giving attention, and, because of these two factors, obedience and action are often implied.
^III “statutes” = choq. From chaqaq (to inscribe, carve, or decree; a lawmaker; literally, this is engraving, but it implies enacting a law because laws were carved into stone or metal). This is statute, boundary, condition, custom, limit, ordinance It is something that is prescribed or something that is owed.

^IV “ordinances” = mishpat. From shaphat (to judge, defend, pronounce judgment, condemn, govern). This is a verdict or formal sentence whether from humans or from God. It includes the act of judging as well as the place that judging takes place, the suit itself, and the penalty. Abstractly, this is justice, which includes the rights of the participants.
^V “teaching” = lamad. Properly, this refers to goading (using a pointed stick to guide or prod one’s flock). By implication, it means teaching or instructing.
^VI “observe” = asah. This is to make, do, act, appoint, become in many senses.

^VII “live” = chayah. This is to live or keep alive in a literal or figurative sense. So, it can be revive, nourish, or save.
^VIII “enter” = bo. This is to enter, come in, advance, fulfill, bring offerings, enter to worship, attack. It can also have a sexual connotation.
^IX “occupy” = yarash. This is inheriting or dispossessing. It refers to occupying or colonizing – taking territory by driving out the previous inhabitants and living there instead of them. By implication, it can mean to seize or rob, to expel, ruin, or impoverish.
^X “land” = erets. Root may mean to be firm. This is earth, ground, field land, or country.

^XI “Lord” = YHVH. From havah (to be, become) or hayah (to come to pass, become, be). This is the name of the God of Israel, the self-existent and eternal one, the tetragrammaton. This pronunciation has been lost to time so “Lord” is generally used in its place.
^XII “God” = Elohim. Related to “Israel” in v1. See note I above.
^XIII “ancestors” = ab. This is father, chief, or ancestor. It is father in a literal or figurative sense.
^XIV “giving” = natan. This is to give, put, set, offer. It is to give literally or figuratively.

^XV “add” = yasaph. This is to add, increase, continue, exceed.
^XVI “anything” = dabar. From dabar (to speak, declare, discuss). This is speech, a word, a matter, an affair, charge, command, message, promise, purpose, report, request. It is a word, which implies things that are spoken of in a wide sense.
^XVII “command” = tsavah. This is to charge, command, order, appoint, or enjoin. This is the root that the Hebrew word for “commandment” comes from (mitsvah).
^XVIII “take away” = gara. This is to remove, restrain, cut off, take away, shave, limit.
^XIX “keep” = shamar. This is to keep, watch, or preserve. It means to guard something or to protect it as a thorny hedge protects something.
^XX “commandments” = mitsvah. Related to “command” in v2. From tsavah (see note XVII above). This is a commandment, law, ordinance obligation, or tradition. It is something commanded whether by God or by a human authority. This term is sometimes used collectively to refer to the Law.
^XXI “charging” = tsavah. Same as “command” in v2. See note XVII above.

^XXII “seen” = raah. This is to see in a literal or figurative sense so stare, advise, think, view.
^XXIII {untranslated} = ayin. This is eye in a literal or figurative sense so eye, appearance, favor, or a fountain (the eye of the landscape).
^XXIV “Lord” = YHVH. Related to “Lord” in v1. From the same as YHVH (see note XI above). This is a secondary spelling of the Lord, the name of the God of Israel. It has the same meaning.
^XXV “did” = asah. Same as “observe” in v1. See note VI above.

^XXVI “Baal of Peor” = Baal Peor. 6x in OT. From Baal (Baal, used for several Canaanite gods; literally, “lord”); {from the same as baal (owner, master, husband); from baal (to marry, have dominion over, to master)}} + Peor (Peor – a mountain in Moab and a god of Moab; perhaps meaning gap); {from paar (to gape, yawn; open wide – especially the mouth – in a literal or figurative sense)}. This is Baal of Peor, a god of Moab.
^XXVII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v3. See note XXIV above.
^XXVIII “destroyed” = shamad. This is to demolish, destroy, perish, overthrow, pluck down.

^XXIX “among” = qereb. Perhaps from qarab (to come near or approach). This is among, in the midst, before, the center It is the inward part, whether literal or figurative. It can also be used for the heart, the site of thoughts and feelings. This word is also used as a technical term for the entrails of the animals who are sacrificed.
^XXX “everyone” = kol + ish. Kol is from kalal (to complete). This is all or every. Ish is perhaps from enosh (human, humankind, mortal); from anash (to be weak, sick, or frail). This is man, husband, another, or humankind.
^XXXI “followed” = halak + achar. Halak is go, come, walk. It is walk literally and figuratively and includes people and animals. It can be used figuratively for one’s moral life – how we walk according to God’s way or against it. It can also refer to the walk of life as in the course one’s life takes, the choices we make, etc. Achar is from achar (to remain behind, linger, continue, be behind, or delay; can also imply procrastination). This is after or the last part, following.

^XXXII “held fast” = dabeq. 3x in OT. From dabaq (to follow closely or abide fast, to cling or be joined together; figuratively, to catch something by chasing after it, to overtake, or to stick; also used of a tongue sticking to the mouth, pursuing or overtaking as in battle, and also clinging to God). This is a clinging, attached, to stick close.
^XXXIII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XI above.
^XXXIV “all” = kol. Same as “everyone” in v3. See note XXX above.
^XXXV “alive” = chay. Related to “live” in v1. From chayah (see note VII above). This is alive, living, lifetime. It can also be used to describe someone’s age. It can refer to animals, plants, water, or a company or congregation of people. It is life in a very broad sense.
^XXXVI “today” = yom. Root may mean being hot. This is the day in a literal or figurative sense. It can also mean birth, age, daylight, continually or other references to time.

^XXXVII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XI above.
^XXXVIII {untranslated} = ken. Perhaps from kun (properly, in a perpendicular position; literally, to establish, fix, fasten, prepare; figuratively, it is certainty, to be firm, faithfulness, render sure or prosperous). This is to set upright. Generally used figuratively to mean thus, so, afterwards, rightly so.
^XXXIX “in” = qereb. Same as “among” in v3. See note XXIX above.
^XL “observe” = shamar. Same as “keep” in v2. See note XIX above.
^XLI “perform” = asah. Same as “observe” in v1. See note VI above.

^XLII “wisdom” = chokmah. From chakam (to be wise or teach wisdom; this is wisdom in thought, word, or action). This is wisdom, wit, or skillfulness.
^XLIII “discernment” = binah. From bin (to discern, consider, attend to; distinguishing things in one’s mind or, more generally, to understand). This is understanding, wisdom, or discernment.
^XLIV {untranslated} = ayin. Literally, “in the sight of.” Same as {untranslated} in v3. See note XXIII above.
^XLV “peoples” = am. From amam (to darken, hide, associate; creating shadows by huddling together). This is people or nation. It can be used specifically for a tribe, collectively of troops or armies, or figuratively to refer to a flock of animals.
^XLVI “hear” = shama. Same as “give heed” in v1. See note II above.

^XLVII “say” = amar. This is to speak, say, answer, command, promise, report.
^XLVIII “surely” = raq. From the same as raq (thin, surely, only); perhaps from raqaq (to spit). This is but, except, at least. In the sense of being thin, it figuratively refers to some kind of limit.
^XLIX “great” = gadol. From gadal (to grow up, become great, become wealthy – to advance. The root meaning may be to twist in the sense of the process of growing). This is great, high, bigger, noble, old, marvelous. It can also refer to someone who is powerful or distinguished.

^L “nation” = goy. From the same root as gevah (the back, person, or body); related to gev (among); related to gaah (to rise up). This is nation or people. Often used to refer to Gentiles or foreign nations. It can also be used figuratively for a group of animals. This is where the Yiddish “goy” comes from.
^LI “wise” = chakam. Related to “wisdom” in v6. From chakam (see note XLII above). This is wise, skillful, cunning, or artful.
^LII “is…discerning” = bin. Related to “discernment” in v6. See note XLIII above.

^LIII “god” = elohim. Same as “God” in v1. See note XII above.
^LIV “near” = qarob. Related to “among” in v3. From qarab (see note XXIX above). This is near whether nearby, related, near in time, or allied.
^LV “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XI above.
^LVI “whenever” = kol. Same as “everyone” in v3. See note XXX above.
^LVII “call” = qara. This is to call or call out – to call someone by name. Also used more broadly for calling forth.

^LVIII “just” = tsaddiq. From the same as tsedeq (rightness, righteousness, just cause, vindication; that which is right in a natural, moral, or legal sense; abstractly equity; figuratively prosperity). This is just, innocent, righteous, righteous one, or lawful.
^LIX “entire” = kol. Same as “everyone” in v3. See note XXX above.
^LX “law” = torah. From yarah (to throw, shoot, be stunned; to flow as water so figuratively to instruct or teach). This is law, instruction, teaching, or statute. It can also refer to the first five books of the Bible – the Torah.
^LXI “setting” = natan. Same as “giving” in v1. See note XIV above.
^LXII “before” = paneh. From panah (to turn, face, appear). This is face in a literal or figurative sense. It could be face, presence, anger, respect. It can also be used of God to indicate divine favor or presence.

^LXIII “but” = raq. Same as “surely” in v6. See note XLVIII above.
^LXIV “take care” = shamar. Same as “keep” in v2. See note XIX above.
^LXV “watch” = shamar. Same as “keep” in v2. See note XIX above.
^LXVI “closely” = meod. Perhaps from the same as uwd (firebrand, a poker). This is very, greatly, exceedingly. It can also mean vehemence, force, abundance.
^LXVII “so as neither” = pen. Related to “before” in v8. Perhaps from panah (see note LXII above). This is lest, if, or.
^LXVIII “forget” = shakach. This is to forget because of not remembering something or not paying attention to it. It can also mean to mislay.

^LXIX “things” = dabar. Same as “anything” in v2. See note XVI above.
^LXX “eyes” = ayin. Same as {untranslated} in v3. See note XXIII above.
^LXXI “nor” = pen. Same as “so as neither” in v9. See note LXVII above.
^LXXII “slip” = sur. This is to turn aside in a literal or figurative sense – to depart, decline, rebel, remove, or withdraw.
^LXXIII “mind” = lebab. May be related to labab (to encourage; properly, to be encased as with fat; used in a good sense, this means to transport someone with love; used in a bad sense, it can mean to dull one’s senses). This is the heart, courage, one’s inner self, the mind, or the will. Heart is only used in a figurative sense in the Old and New Testaments.

^LXXIV “days” = yom. Same as “today” in v4. See note XXXVI above.
^LXXV “life” = chay. Same as “alive” in v4. See note XXXV above.
^LXXVI “make…known” = yada. This is to know, acknowledge, advise, answer, be aware, be acquainted with. Properly, this is to figure something out by seeing. It includes ideas of observation, recognition, and care about something. It can be used causatively for instruction, designation, and punishment.
^LXXVII “children” = ben. From banah (to build or obtain children). This is son, age, child. It is son in a literal or figurative sense.

^LXXVIII “once” = yom. Same as “today” in v4. See note XXXVI above.
^LXXIX “stood” = amad. This is to stand up in a literal or figurative sense. So it can be establish, continue, endure, take a stand, act, be a servant, stand still, remain, stand against an enemy.
^LXXX “before” = paneh. Same as “before” in v8. See note LXII above.
^LXXXI “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XI above.
^LXXXII “Horeb” = Choreb. 17x in OT. From chareb (to devastate, desolate, or be waste). Horeb means waste or desolate.

^LXXXIII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XI above.
^LXXXIV “assemble” = qahal. From qahal (assembly, congregation, multitude). This is to gather, convene, assemble like a congregation.
^LXXXV “words” = dabar. Same as “anything” in v2. See note XVI above.
^LXXXVI “learn” = lamad. Same as “teaching” in v1. See note V above.
^LXXXVII “fear” = yare. This is to fear, be afraid, dreadful. It can also refer to fearful reverence – to fear in a moral sense is to say to revere, respect.

^LXXXVIII “as long” = kol + yom. Literally, “all the days.” Kol is the same as “everyone” in v3. See note XXX above. Yom is the same as “today” in v4. See note XXXVI above.
^LXXXIX “live” = chay. Same as “alive” in v4. See note XXXV above.
^XC “earth” = adamah. From the same as adam (man, humankind); perhaps from ‘adom (to be red). This is ground, earth, soil as red, or land.
^XCI “approached” = qarab. Related to “among” in v3 & “near” in v7. See note XXIX above.
^XCII “at the foot” = tachat. This is underneath, below, the bottom, instead of.
^XCIII “mountain” = har. From harar (hill or mountain). This is mountain, hill, hilly region.

^XCIV “blazing up” = ba’ar + esh. Ba’ar is to burn, consume, heat, remove. It can also be to consume by a fire or through eating, being brutish or wasting. Esh is fire, burning, flaming, hot. It is fire in a literal or figurative sense.
^XCV “very” = leb. Related to “mind” in v9. From the same as lebab (see note LXXIII above). This is mind, will, friendly, feelings, center.
^XCVI “heavens” = shamayim. Root may mean being lofty. This is sky, the air, or heaven. It is in a dual noun form so this might refer to the part of the sky where the clouds move on the one hand and the part beyond that where the sun, moon, and stars are on the other hand.

^XCVII “shrouded” = choshek. From chashak (to be or become dark). This is literal darkness is contrast to light. Figuratively, it can be obscurity, sorrow, misery, blindness, wickedness, destruction, death. It can also be hiding places. Additionally, it can mean judgment, mourning, ignorance, evil, or sin.
^XCVIII “dark” = araphel. 15x in OT. From araph (to droop, drip, drop). This is a cloud or deep darkness. It is gloom or gloomy as the sky being lowered.
^XCIX “clouds” = anan. May be from anan (cover, cloud over; figuratively, acting in a secret way, practicing magic or soothsaying). This is a cloud as something that covers the sky.

^C “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XI above.
^CI “spoke” = dabar. Related to “anything” in v2. See note XVI above.
^CII “out of” = tavek. This is among, middle, in the midst, the center. Perhaps, properly, to sever.
^CIII “fire” = esh. Same as “blazing up” in v11. See note XCIV above.

^CIV “sound” = qol. This is a sound, used often for human voices. Also used when God speaks or angels, animals or instruments. It can be a cry or a noise, thunder or earthquakes and so on.
^CV “no” = ayin. Perhaps from a word that means to be nothing. This means nothing, none, non-existent. It can also simply mean not or are not.
^CVI “form” = temunah. 10x in OT. From the same as min (kind, sort, species). This is something that has been apportioned or fashioned. It can be an embodiment or shape. It can also figuratively be a favor that manifests.
^CVII “only” = zulah. 16x in OT. Perhaps from zul (to shake out, lavish, despise). This is removal, except, besides.
^CVIII “voice” = qol. Same as “sound” in v12. See note CIV above.

^CIX “declared” = nagad. This is to declare, make conspicuous, stand in front, manifest, predict, explain.
^CX “covenant” = berit. Perhaps from barah (to eat, choose, make clear); perhaps from bar (grain, wheat); from barar (to select, purify, cleanse, test, brighten, polish). This is a compact, covenant, alliance, treaty, or league.
^CXI “observe” = asah. Same as “observe” in v1. See note VI above.
^CXII “ten” = eser. Perhaps from asar (to tithe, render a tenth of). This is ten or -teen. While 7 is symbolically the number of perfection, ten is also symbolically a number of perfection (but to a lesser degree than 7 is).
^CXIII “commandments” = dabar. Same as “anything” in v2. See note XVI above.

^CXIV “wrote” = kathab. This is to inscribe, write, record, or decree.
^CXV “two” = shenayim. From sheni (double, again, another, second); from shanah (to fold, repeat, double, alter, or disguise). This is two, both, second, couple.
^CXVI “stone” = eben. This is a stone, weight, or mason. It is part of the word “Ebenezer.”
^CXVII “tablets” = luach. Root likely means glistening, so this would refer to a tablet as being polished in some sense, whether it’s made of stone, wood, or metal.

^CXVIII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XI above.
^CXIX “time” = et. Probably from anah (to answer, sing, announce); from ad (forever, all, old); from adah (to pass on, advance, decorate oneself). This is a period or season. It can also mean whenever or continually.
^CXX “observe” = asah. Same as “observe” in v1. See note VI above.
^CXXI “cross” = abar. This is to pass over or cross over. It is used for transitions, whether literal or figurative. It can also mean to escape, alienate, or fail. This is the root verb from which “Hebrew” is drawn.

^CXXII {untranslated} = kol. Same as “everyone” in v3. See note XXX above.
^CXXIII “when” = yom. Same as “today” in v4. See note XXXVI above.
^CXXIV “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XI above.
^CXXV “yourselves” = nephesh. Related to naphash (to refresh or be refreshed). This is soul, self, person, emotion. It is a breathing creature. Can also refer to appetites and desires.

^CXXVI “so that…not” = pen. Same as “so as neither” in v9. See note LXVII above.
^CXXVII “act corruptly” = shachath. This is to go to ruin, perish, decay, batter, cast off, lose, one who destroys. This can be used in a literal or figurative sense.
^CXXVIII “making” = asah. Same as “observe” in v1. See note VI above.
^CXXIX “idol” = pesel. From pasal (to hew, carve; used for wood or stone). This is an idol or image.

^CXXX “any” = kol. Same as “everyone” in v3. See note XXX above.
^CXXXI “figure” = semel. 5x in OT. May come from a word that means to resemble. This is a figure, image, or idol.
^CXXXII “likeness” = tabnit. Related to “children” in v9. From banah (see note LXXVII above). This is a structure, model, figure, image, or resemblance.
^CXXXIII “male” = zakar. From zakar (to remember, to mark something so that it can be recalled, to be mindful of, to mention). This is male. Properly, perhaps, it means one who is remembered, which is to say a male.
^CXXXIV “female” = neqebah. From naqab (to pierce, bore holes, puncture; to make a hole more or less forcefully; also to curse or libel). This is female or woman from an anatomical reference.

^CXXXV “animal” = behemah. This is animal or cattle. It is often used of large quadrupeds.
^CXXXVI “earth” = erets. Same as “land” in v1. See note X above.
^CXXXVII “winged” = kanaph. This is wing, edge, corner, extremity. It can also be a flap or fold of a garment or the pinnacle of a building.
^CXXXVIII “bird” = tsippor. From tsaphar (to skip about, maybe to depart). This is a little bird like a sparrow – a little bird as one that hops about.
^CXXXIX “flies” = uph. This is to fly, flee, be weary. It can also mean to cloak with wings or darkness.
^CXL “air” = shamayim. Same as “heavens” in v11. See note XCVI above.

^CXLI “anything” = kol. Same as “everyone” in v3. See note XXX above.
^CXLII “creeps” = ramas. 17x in OT. This is gliding swiftly, moving with quick steps or crawling. It is to swarm or prowl or move about.
^CXLIII “ground” = adamah. Same as “earth” in v10. See note XC above.
^CXLIV “fish” = dagah. 15x in OT. From dag (fish, fishing); perhaps from da’ag (to fear, be worried, sorrow, be concerned, be anxious, be sorry). This is fish – perhaps as creatures that move by squirming.
^CXLV “water” = mayim. This is water, waters, or waterway in a general sense. Figuratively, it can also mean juice, urine, or semen.
^CXLVI “under” = tachat. Same as “at the foot” in v11. See note XCII above.
^CXLVII “earth” = erets. Same as “land” in v1. See note X above.

^CXLVIII “look up” = nasa + ayin. Literally, “lift your eyes.” Nasa is to lift in a broad sense, literally and figuratively. So it could be to carry, take, or arise. It could also be bring forth, advance, accept. Ayin is the same as {untranslated} in v3. See note XXIII above.
^CXLIX “sun” = shemesh. This is sun or toward the east. Its root may mean being brilliant. Figuratively, this could be a ray or an arch.
^CL “moon” = yareach. Perhaps from the same as yerach (month). This is moon.
^CLI “stars” = kokab. Perhaps from the same as kavah (to prick, blister, burn, scorch). This is a star as shining, stargaze. Figuratively, can mean prince.
^CLII “host” = tsaba. From tsaba (to wage war, serve, assemble, fight, perform, muster, wait on). This is a large group of persons (used figuratively for a group of things). It implies a campaign literally as with army, war, warfare, battle, company, soldiers. Can also be used figuratively for hardship or for worship.

^CLIII “not” = pen. Same as “so as neither” in v9. See note LXVII above.
^CLIV “led astray” = nadach. This is scatter, seduce, banish, draw away, drive away, outcast, scatter. It means to push off in a literal or figurative sense so it could also be mislead, inflict, or withdraw.
^CLV “bow down” = shachah. This is to bow down, make a humble entreaty, to do homage to royalty or to God.
^CLVI “serve” = abad. This is to work, serve, or compel. It can describe any kind of work or service (including religious devotion).  Also, till or cultivate. Used causatively, it can mean to enslave or keep in bondage.

^CLVII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XI above.
^CLVIII “allotted” = chalaq. This is to be smooth in a figurative sense. So, it can refer to the stones that were part of casting lots – hence, apportion, share, distribute. Figuratively, it can also mean to flatter.
^CLIX “everywhere” = kol. Same as “everyone” in v3. See note XXX above.

^CLX “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XI above.
^CLXI “taken” = laqach. This is to take, accept, carry away, receive. It can also have the sense of take a wife or take in marriage.
^CLXII “brought” = yatsa. This is to go or come out, bring forth, appear. It is to go out in a literal or figurative sense.
^CLXIII “iron” = barzel. From the same as Birzoth (a name meaning holes). Root may mean to pierce. This is iron as something used as a cutting implement. It can also specifically mean ax head.
^CLXIV “smelter” = kur. 9x in OT. May come from a word that means dig through. This is a furnace or smelting pot.

^CLXV “Egypt” = Mitsrayim. Perhaps from matsor (besieged or fortified place, bulwark, entrenchment; something hemmed in; a siege or distress or fastness); from tsur (to confine, besiege, to cramp). This is Egypt.
^CLXVI “become” = hayah. Related to “Lord” in v1 & “Lord” in v3. See note XI above.
^CLXVII “possession” = nachalah. Related to nachal (to inherit, occupy, distribute, take as heritage). This is properly something that was inherited. It can mean occupancy generally or, more particularly, an heirloom or an estate. This can be an inheritance, gift, possession, or portion.
^CLXVIII “now” = yom + zeh. Literally, “this day.” Yom is the same as “today” in v4. See note XXXVI above.

^CLXIX “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XI above.
^CLXX “was angry” = anaph. 14x in OT. This is to breathe hard, i.e. to be angry or displeased.
^CLXXI “you” = dabar. Same as “anything” in v2. See note XVI above.
^CLXXII “vowed” = shaba. Perhaps from sheba (seven – the number of perfection/sacred fullness). This is to swear, curse, vow, make a covenant. Properly, it can mean to be complete. This is to seven oneself – as in affirming something so strongly it is as though it were said seven times.
^CLXXIII “not” = bilti. From balah (to grow old, wear out, consume, waste, enjoy, fail, decay). This is nothing, not, lest, or except. From its root, it means “a failure of” – used for negative particles.

^CLXXIV “Jordan” = Yarden. From yarad (to go down, descend; going down in a literal or figurative sense; going to the shore or a boundary, bringing down an enemy). This is the Jordan River, meaning “descending.”
^CLXXV “not” = bilti. Same as “not” in v21. See note CLXXIII above.
^CLXXVI “good” = tob. From tob (to be pleasing, to be good). This is good, beautiful, pleasant, agreeable, bountiful, at ease. This word is used for goodness as a concept, a good thing, a good person. This can refer to prosperity and welfare as well as joy, kindness, sweetness, and graciousness. So, this is ethically good, but also enjoyably good.
^CLXXVII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XI above.

^CLXXVIII “die” = mut. This is to die in a literal or figurative sense. It can also refer to being a dead body.
^CLXXIX “without” = ayin. Same as “no” in v12. See note CV above.
^CLXXX “take possession” = yarash. Same as “occupy” in v1. See note IX above.
^CLXXXI “be careful” = shamar. Same as “keep” in v2. See note XIX above.
^CLXXXII “lest” = pen. Same as “so as neither” in v9. See note LXVII above.

^CLXXXIII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XI above.
^CLXXXIV “made” = karat. This is to cut down, cut off, or make a covenant (idiom for making a covenant is “to cut a covenant”). It can also mean to destroy, fail, or consume.
^CLXXXV “make” = asah. Same as “observe” in v1. See note VI above.
^CLXXXVI “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XI above.
^CLXXXVII “forbidden” = tsavah. Same as “command” in v2. See note XVII above.

^CLXXXVIII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XI above.
^CLXXXIX “devouring” = akal. This is to eat, devour, burn up, or otherwise consume. It can be eating in a literal or figurative sense.
^CXC “jealous” = qanna. 6x in OT– all in the Torah, all referring to God as a jealous God. From the same as qinah (zeal, jealousy, envy, anger, rivalry) OR from qana (to be jealous, zealous, envious). This is jealous.
^CXCI “God” = El. Related to “Israel” and “God” in v1. See note I above.

^CXCII “had” = yalad. This is to bear or bring forth. It can mean to act as midwife or to show one’s lineage. This is often used for birth or begetting.
^CXCIII “become complacent” = yashen. This is to be languid or go slack. By implication it can mean to sleep, become old or stale, or die.
^CXCIV “making” = asah. Same as “observe” in v1. See note VI above.
^CXCV “evil” = ra’. From ra’a’ (to be evil, bad, afflict; properly, to spoil – to destroy by breaking into pieces; figuratively, to cause something to be worthless; this is bad in a physical, social, or moral sense; that which displeases, to do harm or mischief, to punish or vex). This is bad, disagreeable, that which causes pain, misery, something having little or no value, something that is ethically bad, wicked, injury, calamity. This refers to anything that is not what it ought to be – a natural disaster, a disfigurement, an injury, a sin.

^CXCVI “sight” = ayin. Same as {untranslated} in v3. See note XXIII above.
^CXCVII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XI above.
^CXCVIII “God” = Elohim. Same as “God” in v1. See note XII above.
^CXCIX “provoking…to anger” = kaas. This is to provoke, be angry, grieve, trouble.

^CC “call…to witness” = ud. This is to repeat, return, do again. This implies testifying something since that is a repetition. It can also mean to charge, admonish, protest, relieve, restore, or lift up.
^CCI “soon” = maher. 18x in OT. From mahar (being liquid, which implies flowing; so, hurrying forward, whether in a positive or negative sense). This is speedy, quickly, soon, suddenly, or at once.
^CCII “utterly perish = abad + abad. This is to wander off, lose self. This implies to perish, destroy, die, vanish, or be broken or corrupt. The word is repeated twice – the first time as an Infinitive Absolute. The Infinitive Absolute serves to emphasize the sentiment of the word. It is rather like Foghorn Leghorn’s speech pattern, “I said, I said.”
^CCIII “live long” = arak + yom. Arak is to continue, lengthen prolong, delay, or endure. It is being long or causing something to be long in a literal or figurative sense. Yom is the same as “today” in v4. See note XXXVI above.
^CCIV “utterly destroyed” = shamad + shamad. Same as “destroyed” in v3. See note XXVIII above. The word is repeated twice – the first time as an Infinitive Absolute. The Infinitive Absolute serves to emphasize the sentiment of the word. It is rather like Foghorn Leghorn’s speech pattern, “I said, I said.”

^CCV “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XI above.
^CCVI “scatter” = puts. This is to dash in pieces, scatter, disperse, drive.
^CCVII “few” = math + mispar. Math is perhaps from the same as mathay (when, how, length of time). This is a man, associate, friend, number. It is an adult or mortal. Mispar is from the same as sepher (writing itself or something that is written like a document, book, letter, evidence, bill, scroll, or register); from saphar (to tally or record something; to enumerate, recount, number, celebrate, or declare). This is a number, whether definite or symbolic – could be innumerable, few, abundance. It can also be a tally or account – or a narration.

^CCVIII “be left” = shaar. Properly, this is swelling up i.e. being left over, a remnant, remaining, being redundant.
^CCIX “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XI above.
^CCX “lead” = nahag. This is to drive as in driving flocks, but also driving in animal or vehicle like a chariot. It can mean to carry away, lead, drive away, proceed, or guide. It can also relate to behavior and what one is accustomed to.

^CCXI “made” = maaseh. Related to “observe” in v1. From asah (see note VI above). This is a work – any action whether positive or negative. It can also be a transaction, construction, activity, property, or something that is produced.
^CCXII “human” = adam. Related to “earth” in v10. See note XC above.
^CCXIII “hands” = yad. This is hand, ability, power. Hand in a literal sense, but also what one can do or the means by which one does it.

^CCXIV “wood” = ets. Perhaps from atsah (to shut, fasten, firm up, to close one’s eyes). This is tree or other things related to trees like wood, sticks, or stalks. It can also refer to wood products like a plank or staff or gallows. Additionally, this can refer to a carpenter.
^CCXV “eat” = akal. Same as “devouring” in v24. See note CLXXXIX above.
^CCXVI “smell” = ruach. 11x in OT. Related to riach (scent, odor, perceive). This is to blow or breathe. It can imply to perceive, anticipate, or enjoy.

^CCXVII “seek” = baqash. This is to seek, ask, desire, or request. It can be any kind of searching. It can also mean to worship or pray – implies a striving for.
^CCXVIII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XI above.
^CCXIX “God” = Elohim. Same as “God” in v1. See note XII above.
^CCXX “find” = matsa. This is to find, catch or acquire. It can also mean to come forth or appear. Figuratively, this can mean to meet or be together with.

^CCXXI “search after” = darash. This is seek, ask, inquire, care for. Generally it means following in pursuit or following as part of a search, which implies seeking or asking. Also used specially to mean worship.
^CCXXII “heart” = lebab. Same as “mind” in v9. See note LXXIII above.
^CCXXIII {untranslated} = kol. Same as “everyone” in v3. See note XXX above.
^CCXXIV “soul” = nephesh. Same as “yourselves” in v15. See note CXXV above.

^CCXXV “distress” = tsar. From tsarar (to bind, restrict, narrow, be cramped, an adversary). Properly, this is a narrow or constricted place. Figuratively, it can be trouble, a pebble, an enemy, anguish, or distress.
^CCXXVI “happened” = matsa. Same as “find” in v29. See note CCXX above.
^CCXXVII “time” = yom. Same as “today” in v4. See note XXXVI above.
^CCXXVIII “to come” = acharith. Related to “followed” in v3. From achar (see note XXXI above). This is the last, length, remnant, end, reward, future.

^CCXXIX “return” = shub. To turn back, return, turn away – literally or figuratively. Doesn’t necessarily imply going back to where you started from. This is also the root verb for the Hebrew word for repentance “teshubah.”
^CCXXX “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XI above.
^CCXXXI “God” = Elohim. Same as “God” in v1. See note XII above.
^CCXXXII “heed” = shama. Same as “give heed” in v1. See note II above.
^CCXXXIII “him” = qol. Same as “sound” in v12. See note CIV above.

^CCXXXIV “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XI above.
^CCXXXV “God” = Elohim. Same as “God” in v1. See note XII above.
^CCXXXVI “merciful” = rachum. 13x in OT. From the same as rechem (womb); from racham (to love, have compassion, have mercy); from racham (compassion, tender love, womb, compassion; the womb as that which cherishes the fetus). This is compassionate or merciful.
^CCXXXVII “God” = El. Same as “God” in v24. See note CXCI above.
^CCXXXVIII “abandon” = raphah. This is to slacken in a literal or figurative sense. So, it could be to hang, be feeble, fail, drop, be helpless, relax, slink, subside, or wait.
^CCXXXIX “destroy” = shachath. Same as “act corruptly” in v16. See note CXXVII above.
^CCXL “swore” = shaba. Same as “vowed” in v21. See note CLXXII above.

^CCXLI “ask” = shaal. This is to ask, inquire, beg, borrow, desire, request. It can also mean to demand.
^CCXLII “now” = na. This particle is used for requests or for urging. It can be we pray, now, I ask you, oh. This is the same “na” in “hosanna.”
^CCXLIII “former” = rishon. From rishah (beginning or early time); from rosh (head, captain, or chief; excellent or the forefront; first in position or in statue or in time). This is first, former, ancestor, beginning, ranked first.
^CCXLIV “ages” = yom. Same as “today” in v4. See note XXXVI above.

^CCXLV {untranslated} = hayah. Same as “become” in v20. See note CLXVI above.
^CCXLVI “before” = paneh. Same as “before” in v8. See note LXII above.
^CCXLVII “God” = Elohim. Same as “God” in v1. See note XII above.
^CCXLVIII “created” = bara. This is to create, shape, choose, or select. It is the word used in Genesis 1:1 when God created the heavens and the earth.
^CCXLIX “human beings” = adam. Same as “human” in v28. See note CCXII above.
^CCL “earth” = erets. Same as “land” in v1. See note X above.

^CCLI “one end” = qatseh. From qatsah (to cut off, cut short; figuratively, to destroy). This is end, brink, border, edge, frontier. It can refer to that which is within set boundaries.
^CCLII “other” = qatseh. Same as “one end” in v32. See note CCLI above.
^CCLIII {untranslated} = shamayim. Same as “heavens” in v11. See note XCVI above.
^CCLIV “happened” = hayah. Same as “become” in v20. See note CLXVI above.
^CCLV “god” = elohim. Same as “God” in v1. See note XII above.
^CCLVI “lived” = chayah. Same as “live” in v1. See note VII above.

^CCLVII “god” = elohim. Same as “God” in v1. See note XII above.
^CCLVIII “attempted” = nasah. This is to test, prove, try, tempt, or attempt.
^CCLIX “go” = bo. Same as “enter” in v1. See note VIII above.
^CCLX “take” = laqach. Same as “taken” in v20. See note CLXI above.
^CCLXI “from the midst” = qereb. Same as “among” in v3. See note XXIX above.

^CCLXII “trials” = massah. Related to “attempted” in v34. 5x in OT. From nasah (see note CCLVIII above). This is testing, trial, calamity, despair. It can be used of human trials or God’s testing. It can also be Massah.
^CCLXIII “signs” = oth. From avah (to mark, sign, point out); OR from uth (to agree). This is a sign in a literal or figurative sense. It could be a flag or monument. It could be evidence or a mark. It could also be an omen or a miracle. 
^CCLXIV “wonders” = mophet. Perhaps from yaphah (to be beautiful, decorate; root means being bright, which implies being beautiful). This is a wonder, miracle, symbol, sign, or omen.

^CCLXV “war” = milchamah. From lacham (to eat or feed on; figuratively, to battle as a kind of consumption/destruction). This is battle, war, fighting, or one who fights (i.e. a warrior).
^CCLXVI “mighty” = chazaq. From chazaq (to strengthen, seize, be courageous, repair, bind, heal, conquer, harden). This is strong, hard, powerful, loud, bold, violent, impudent. It is usually strong in a negative sense.
^CCLXVII “outstretched” = natah. This is to stretch or spread out, to extend, or bend. In can also imply moral deflection.
^CCLXVIII “arm” = zeroa. Perhaps from zara (to sow, scatter seed, conceive). This is the arm, shoulder, or foreleg of an animal. It is figuratively used for power, force, might, or help.

^CCLXIX “terrifying displays of power” = mora + gadol. Mora is related to “fear” in v10. 12x in OT. From yare (see note LXXXVII above). This is fear, dread, respect, or reverence. It can also be a fearful thing or action. Gadol is the same as “great” in v6. See note XLIX above.
^CCLXX {untranslated} = kol. Same as “everyone” in v3. See note XXX above.
^CCLXXI “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XI above.
^CCLXXII “God” = Elohim. Same as “God” in v1. See note XII above.

^CCLXXIII “shown” = raah. Same as “seen” in v3. See note XXII above.
^CCLXXIV “acknowledge” = yada. Same as “make…known” in v9. See note LXXVI above.
^CCLXXV “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XI above.
^CCLXXVI “God” = Elohim. Same as “God” in v1. See note XII above.
^CCLXXVII “no” = ayin. Same as “no” in v12. See note CV above.
^CCLXXVIII “other” = od. Related to “call…to witness” in v26. From ud (see note CC above). This is still, yet, again, more.
^CCLXXIX “besides” = bad. From badad (to divide or be separated; alone, solitary, lonely, isolated, straggler). This is apart, alone, separation, body part, tree branch, except. It can also be a city’s chief.

^CCLXXX “discipline” = yasar. This is to discipline, correct, train, teach, punish. Literally, it is disciplining with blows, but figuratively using words.
^CCLXXXI “earth” = erets. Same as “land” in v1. See note X above.
^CCLXXXII {untranslated} = tachat. Same as “at the foot” in v11. See note XCII above.
^CCLXXXIII “loved” = aheb. This is to love, beloved, friend. It is to have affection for sexually or otherwise.
^CCLXXXIV “chose” = bachar. This is to choose, appoint, try, excellent.
^CCLXXXV “descendants” = zera. Related to “arm” in v34. From zara (see note CCLXVIII above). This is seed or sowing. It can, thus, mean a fruit, plant, sowing time, child, offspring, or posterity.
^CCLXXXVI “after” = achar. Same as “followed” in v3. See note XXXI above.

^CCLXXXVII “presence” = paneh. Same as “before” in v8. See note LXII above.
^CCLXXXVIII “power” = koach. Root may mean to be firm. This is power, strength, force. It can be literal or figurative, positive or negative. It can also mean capacity or means – what something produces. Additionally, it could refer to some kind of small reptile.
^CCLXXXIX “driving out” = yarash. Same as “occupy” in v1. See note IX above.
^CCXC “greater” = gadol. Same as “great” in v6. See note XLIX above.
^CCXCI “mightier” = atsum. From atsom (to be many or mighty; could also refer to breaking bones). This is mighty or mighty one. It means powerful, which implies large numbers.
^CCXCII “yourselves” = paneh. Same as “before” in v8. See note LXII above.
^CCXCIII “bring…in” = bo. Same as “enter” in v1. See note VIII above.

^CCXCIV “take” = shub. Same as “return” in v30. See note CCXXIX above.
^CCXCV “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XI above.
^CCXCVI “God” = Elohim. Same as “God” in v1. See note XII above.
^CCXCVII “above” = maal. From alah (to go up, ascend, be high, be a priority; to arise in a literal or figurative sense). This is the upper part, forward, high above, upwards, greater, heaven, or exceedingly.

^CCXCVIII “earth” = erets. Same as “land” in v1. See note X above.
^CCXCIX “beneath” = tachat. Same as “at the foot” in v11. See note XCII above.
^CCC “no” = ayin. Same as “no” in v12. See note CV above.
^CCCI “other” = od. Same as “other” in v35. See note CCLXXXVIII above.
^CCCII “well-being” = yatab. This is to be good or pleasing, joyful. It can also mean doing good in an ethical sense or be beautiful, happy, successful, or right.
^CCCIII “descendants” = ben. Same as “children’ in v9. See note LXXVII above.

^CCCIV “long remain” = arak + yom. Literally, “you may prolong your days.” Arak is the same as “live long” in v26. See note CCIII above. Yom is the same as “today” in v4. See note XXXVI above.
^CCCV “land” = adamah. Same as “earth” in v10. See note XC above.
^CCCVI “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XI above.
^CCCVII “God” = Elohim. Same as “God” in v1. See note XII above.
^CCCVIII “time” = yom. Same as “today” in v4. See note XXXVI above.

^CCCIX Moses” = Mosheh. From mashah (to pull out in a literal or figurative sense, to draw out) OR from Egyptian mes or mesu (child, son i.e. child of…). This is Moses – the one drawn out from the water, which is to say, rescued. If derived from the Egyptian, his name would share a root with Rameses and Thutmose.
^CCCX “set apart” = badal. This is to divide, distinguish, select, differ, sever. It is to divine in a literal or figurative sense.
^CCCXI “east” = mizrach + shemesh. Literally, “toward the rising of the sun.” Mizrach is from zarach (to rise, shine, or dawn; can also describe symptoms of leprosy). This is the east as the place where the sun rises. It can also refer to the sunrise itself. Shemesh is the same as “sun” in v19. See note CXLIX above.
^CCCXII “side” = eber. Related to “cross” in v14. From abar (see note CXXI above). This is the place across or beyond, by, from, other, the opposite side, against, over. It often refers to the other side of the Jordan river or toward the east.

^CCCXIII “three” = shalosh. This is three, fork, three times.
^CCCXIV “cities” = iyr. From uwr (to awaken or wake oneself up). This can mean excitement in the sense of wakefulness or city. Properly, this is a place that is guarded. Guards kept schedules according to watches. This sense of the word would include cities as well as encampments or posts that were guarded.
^CCCXV “homicide” = ratsach. Properly, this is to dash something to pieces. It is to kill a person, but it is used particularly (though not exclusively) for murder.
^CCCXVI “flee” = nus. This is to flee, vanish away, hide, escape, be displayed.

^CCCXVII “unintentionally” = beli + daat. Literally, “not knowing.” Beli is related to “not” in v21. From balah (see note CLXXIII above). This is properly a failure. So, it could mean without, not yet, unawares, lacking, something that wears out, or because not. Daat is related to “make…known” in v9.
^CCCXVIII “kills” = ratsach. Same as “homicide” in v42. See note CCCXV above.
^CCCXIX “another person” = rea. From raah (to associate with). This is the same as neighbor in Leviticus 19:18 “love your neighbor as yourself.” This is friend, companion, fellow, neighbor. It is someone with whom you associate, whether more or less close.

^CCCXX “been at enmity” = sane. This is to hate, an enemy. It is a personal hatred and not an abstract one.
^CCCXXI “before” = temol + shilshon. Temol may be from ethmol (formerly, before, yesterday, time); {from et (with, among, beside, including, toward, near); from anah (to meet, happen, approach)} + mul (front, opposite, toward); {from mul (to cut short, circumcise, blunt, destroy)}. This is ago, recently, yesterday, past. Shilshon is related to “three” in v41. From the same as shelesh (Shelesh, meaning “triplet”); from shalash (to make triplicate, do a third time); from the same as shalosh (see note CCCXIII above). This is three days ago, yesterday, before a certain time.
^CCCXXII “one” = echad. Perhaps from achad (to unify, continue on a path; figuratively, to gather one’s thoughts). This is the number one, first, united. It can also be alone, altogether, a certain, a few.
^CCCXXIII “live” = chayay. 17x in OT. This is to live, save life, or revive.

^CCCXXIV “Bezer” = Betser. 5x in OT. From the same as betser (precious ore, gold; literally, it is a clipping); from batsar (to cut off, fortify, gather, wall up, to be inaccessible). This is Bezer, a city whose name may mean “fortress” or “ore” or “gold ore” or “defense.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Bezer.html
^CCCXXV “wilderness” = midbar. Related to “anything” in v2 & “spoke” in v12. From dabar (see note XVI above). This is mouth or speech. It can also be desert or wilderness. Additionally, it can be used for a pasture to which one drives cattle.
^CCCXXVI “tableland” = erets + mishor. Erets is the same as “land” in v1. See note X above. Mishor is from yashar (to be straight, right, even, smooth, or agreeable; figuratively, to make something pleasant or prosperous) This is a level place like a plain. It can also be the proper name of a level place. Figuratively, it can refer to straightness in the sense of justice, equity, fairness, righteousness, or uprightness. It can also refer to a concord.
^CCCXXVII “Reubenites” = Reubeni. Related to “seen” in v3 & to “children” in v9 & “likeness” in v16. 18x in OT. From Reuben (Reuben, meaning “behold a son”); {from raah (see note XXII above) + ben (see note LXXVII above)}. This is Reubenit, someone is the lineage of Reuben.

^CCCXXVIII “Ramoth” = Ramoth. 4x in OT. From rum (rise, bring up, being high, extol, exalt, haughty; to raise in a literal or figurative sense) OR from ramoth (something very valuable, maybe coral); {from raam (to trouble, be agitated, irritated, angered; a peal of thunder)}. This is Ramoth, a city meaning “heights” or “high places” or “lofty place.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Ramoth.html
^CCCXXIX “Gilead” = Gilad. Related to “call…to witness” in v26 & “other” in v35. From gala (to lay bare, quarrel, expose) OR from gal’ed (heap of testimony); {from gal (wave, billow, rock pile; something rolled; a spring of water); {from galal (to roll, roll away, wallow, commit, remove; rolling in a literal or figurative sense)} + ed (witness, testimony, recorder); from ud (see note CC above)}}. This is Gilead, meaning “perpetual fountain” or “heap of testimony.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Gilead.html#.Xw_EFShKhPY.
^CCCXXX “Gadites” = Gadi. 15x in OT. From Gad (Gad, “fortune” or “fortunate”); perhaps from gad (fortune, troop; Gad, the name of a god of Babylon); from gad (fortunate, a troop); from gud (to invade, overcome, attack). This is Gadite, someone who comes from the tribe of Gad.

^CCCXXXI “Golan” = Golan. 4x in OT. Perhaps from golah (exile, captive, captivity, removing, or carried away); from galah (to remove, bring, carry, lead, appear, advertise; to strip someone or something bare in a negative sense; captives were typically stripped before they were sent into exile; used figuratively, in a positive sense, this word means reveal, disclose, discover). This is Golan, a city whose name meaning is uncertain.
^CCCXXXII “Bashan” = Bashan. Bashan is a place whose name may mean “smooth.”
^CCCXXXIII “Manassites” = Menashshi. 4x in OT. From Menashsheh (Manasseh, “to forget;” Manasseh, his tribe, or their lands); from nashah (to forget, neglect, remove, deprive). This is Manassite, someone in the lineage of Manasseh.

^CCCXXXIV “set” = sim. This is to put or place in a literal or figurative sense. It can be appoint, care, change, make, and may other things.
^CCCXXXV “before” = paneh. Same as “before” in v8. See note LXII above.
^CCCXXXVI “Israelites” = ben + Yisrael. Literally, “children of Israel.” Ben is the same as “children’ in v9. See note LXXVII above. Yisrael is the same as “Israel” in v1. See note I above.
^CCCXXXVII “decrees” = edah. Related to “call…to witness” in v26 & “other” in v35 & “Gilead” in v43. From ed (see note CCCXXIX above). This is testimony or witness.
^CCCXXXVIII “come” = yatsa. Same as “brought” in v20. See note CLXII above.

^CCCXXXIX “beyond” = eber. Same as “side” in v41. See note CCCXII above.
^CCCXL “valley” = gay. Related to “nation” in v6. Perhaps from the same as gevah (see note L above). This is valley or gorge that has high walls. It is, perhaps, a narrow valley, but not a winter-torrent.
^CCCXLI “opposite” = mul. Related to “before” in v42. See note CCCXXI above.
^CCCXLII “Beth-peor” = Beth peor. Related to “children” in v9 & “likeness” in v16 & “Reubenites” in v43 & to “Baal of Peor” in v3. 4x in OT. From bayit (house, court, family, palace, temple); {from banah (see note LXXVII above)} + Peor (see note XXVI above)}. This is Beth-Peor, meaning House of Peor.

^CCCXLIII “land” = erets. Same as “land” in v1. See note X above.
^CCCXLIV “King” = melek. From malak (to be or become king or queen, to rise to the throne, to be crowned; by implication, to take counsel). This is king or royal.
^CCCXLV “Sihon” = Sichon. Perhaps from the same as suach (Suach, a name); from the same as suchah (something swept away, refuse). This is Sihon or Sichon, a name perhaps meaning “tempestuous.”
^CCCXLVI “Amorites” = Emori. Related to “say” in v6. From amar (see note XLVII above). This is Amorite or Emori, perhaps meaning talkers.

^CCCXLVII “reigned” = yashab. This is to sit and so to remain and so to dwell. It is sitting for any reason – as a judge, in order to ambush, or just sitting quietly. Causatively, this can mean settling or marrying. This can also mean continue, endure, or establish.
^CCCXLVIII “Heshbon” = Cheshbon. From chashab (properly, to braid or interpenetrate; literally, to create or to wear; figuratively, plotting – generally in a negative sense; think, consider, or make account of). This is Heshbon or Cheshbon, meaning “library of synthetic wisdom” or “intelligence” or “reason.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Heshbon.html
^CCCXLIX “defeated” = nakah. This is to hit whether lightly or severely. It can be used in a literal or figurative sense. So, this could be beat, punish, give wounds, kill, or slaughter.

^CCCL “land” = erets. Same as “land” in v1. See note X above.
^CCCLI “land” = erets. Same as “land” in v1. See note X above.
^CCCLII “Og” = Og. From the same as uggah (bread cake, round ash cake); from ug (to gyrate, bake; baking a round cake). This is Og, a name perhaps meaning “round.”
^CCCLIII “Aroer” = Aroer. 16x in OT. From the same as aroer (shrub or tree; may be a juniper); from arar (to strip, make bare, destroy). This is Aroer, a city whose name means “accumulation” or “stripped” or “heath.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Aroer.html
^CCCLIV “edge” = saphah. This is lip, edge, border, bank – used for a boundary. It can also be speech or language.
^CCCLV “Wadi” = nachal. Related to “possession” in v20. From nachal (see note CLXVII above). This is a river or stream. It could be a wadi or arroyo – sometimes a narrow valley with no water at all, but in strong rains or when winter snow melts, it swells or floods with water.

^CCCLVI “Arnon” = Arnon. From the same as Aran (Aran, a name that may mean “stridulous”); {perhaps from ranan (a cry of joy or a joyful song; properly, emitting a shrill sound, especially one of joy)} OR from aran (to be agile, to inspire cheerfulness). This is Arnon, a wadi and stream in Moab whose nae means “a roaring stream” or “a brawling stream” or “murmuring” or “roaring” or “cheering” or “agile.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Arnon.html
^CCCLVII “Mount” = har. Same as “mountain” in v11. See note XCIII above.
^CCCLVIII “Sirion” = Sion. Related to “look up” in v19. 1x in NT. From si (elevation, excellence); from so (to rise); from the same as nasa (see note CXLVIII above). This is Sion, meaning “peak,” “elevated,” “cloudy,” “extraction,” “lifted up,” “cloudy mountain,” “smokey mountain,” or “extraction.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Sion.html
^CCCLIX “Hermon” = Chermon. 13x in OT. From charam (to ban, destroy, devote, seclude; to dedicate to a religious purpose, often for destruction). This is Hermon, meaning “sacred mountain” or “abrupt.” It is in southern Syria and northern Israel.

^CCCLX “Arabah” = Arabah. From the same as arab (desert plateau, Arabia) OR from arab (to become evening); {from ereb (evening) or from arab (to exchange, give or take on pledge, braid, intermix)}. This is a desert valley or plain, wilderness. Also, the name of a place Arabah.
^CCCLXI “Sea” = yam. Root may mean to roar. This is the sea, often referring to the Mediterranean. It comes from the root in the sense of the roar of crashing surf. This word is sometimes used for rivers or other sources of water. It can mean to the west or to the south.
^CCCLXII “slopes” = ashedah. 6x in OT. From eshed (bottom, slope, outpouring, stream). This is a foundation, slope, or spring.
^CCCLXIII “Pisgah” = Pisgah. 8x in OT. From pasag (to go between, pass through; figuratively to contemplate or consider). This is Pisgah, meaning cleft. It is a mountain in Moab.