
Luke 8:1-3, 16-21
NL328
1 ASoon afterwardB he wentC on
A {untranslated} = ginomai. This is to come into being, to happen, become, be born. It can be to emerge from one state or condition to another or is coming into being with the sense of movement or growth.
B “soon afterward” = en + ho + kathexes. Kathexes is 5x in NT. From kata (down, against, throughout, among) + hexes (next, soon, the day after, adjoining); {from echo (to have, hold, possess)}. This is orderly, step by step, just after.
C “went” = diodeuo. 2x in NT. From dia (through, for the sake of, across, thoroughly) + hodeuo (to travel or journey); {from hodos (way, road, path, journey)}. This is to travel through, go around, go on.
through one townD and villageE after another, proclaimingF
D “town” = polis. This is a city or its inhabitants. It is a town of variable size, but one that has walls. This is where “metropolis” and “police” come from.
E “village” = kome. Perhaps from keimai (to lie, recline, set, be appointed, be destined). This is a village as contrasted with a city that has a wall.
F “proclaiming” = kerusso. This is to proclaim, preach, publish. Properly, it is to act as a herald – announcing something publicly with confidence and/or to persuade.
and bringing the good newsG of the kingdomH of God.I The twelveJ were with him,
G “bringing the good news” = euaggelizo. From eu (well, good, rightly) + aggelos (angel, messenger; a messenger from God bringing news – whether a prophet or an angel) {from aggellos (to bring tidings); probably from ago (to bring, lead, carry, guide)}. This is evangelize – literally to preach the good news. It can be those who hear the news, the news, or a way to say gospel.
H “kingdom” = basileia. From basileus (king, emperor, sovereign); probably from basis (step, hence foot; a pace); from baino (to walk, to go). This is kingdom, rule, authority, sovereignty, royalty, a realm.
I “God” = Theos. From Proto-Indo-European origins, meaning do, put, place. This is God or a god in general.
J “twelve” = dodeka. From duo (two, both) + deka (ten). This is twelve – also shorthand for the apostles.
2 as well as some womenK who had beenL curedM
K “women” = gune. Related to {untranslated} in v1. Perhaps from ginomai (see note A above). This is woman, wife, or bride. This is where the word “gynecologist” comes from.
L “been” = eimi. This is to be, exist.
M “cured” = therapeuo. From therapon (servant, attendant, minister); perhaps from theros (properly heat and so used for summer); from thero (to heat). This is to serve, care, attend, heal, or cure. Since it means to attend to, it can be used for doctors, but also for those who serve God. So, it can mean worship. This is where the word “therapy” comes from.
of evilN spiritsO and infirmities:P
N “evil” = poneros. From poneo (to toil); related to ponos (pain, trouble, labor, distress, suffering; toil, which implies anguish); from the base of penes (a laborer, poor person, starving or indigent person; someone who works for their living); from pernomai (working for a living; laborer, poor person; to work for daily bread); from peno (to toil to survive day by day). This is bad, evil, wicked, malicious, grievous, or toilsome. Properly, it is something that bears pain – it emphasizes the miseries and pains that come with evil. By contrast, the Greek kakos refers to evil as part of someone’s core character. Also contrasting the Greek sapros, which deals with falling away from a previously embodied virtue. This word can mean ill, diseased, morally culpable, derelict, vicious, malicious, or guilt. It can also refer to the devil or sinners.
O “spirits” = pneuma. From pneo (to blow, breathe, breathe hard). This is wind, breath, or ghost. A breeze or a blast or air, a breath. Figuratively used for a spirit, the human soul or part of us that is rational. It is also used supernaturally for angels, demons, God, and the Holy Spirit. This is where pneumonia comes from.
P “infirmities” = astheneia. From asthenes (without strength, sick, deprivation; weak in a moral or physical sense); {From a (not) + sthenes (strong, vigor); {from the base of sthenoo (to strengthen so that one can be mobile); from sthenos (strength)}}. This is weakness, frailty, illness, suffering, or calamity. It is any kind of sickness or injury that includes weakness or diminishes your ability to enjoy or accomplish what you would choose.
Q “Mary” = Maria. From Hebrew Miryam (Aaron and Moses’s sister); from marah (to be contentious, rebellious, bitter, provoking, disobedient; to be or make bitter or unpleasant; figuratively, to rebel or resist; causatively to provoke). This is Miriam or Mary.
R “called” = kaleo. Related to keleuo (to command, order, direct); from kelomai (to urge on). This is to call by name, invite, to name, bid, summon, call aloud.
S “Magdalene” = Magdalene. 12x in NT. From Magdala (Magadan, a place near the Sea of Galilee); perhaps from Aramaic migdal, see also Hebrew migdal (tower); from gadal (to grow, grow up, be great). This is from Magdala.
from whom sevenT demonsU had gone out,V
T “seven” = hepta. This is seven or seventh. Figuratively, seven is the number of completeness or perfection.
U “demons” = daimonion. From daimon (evil spirit, demon, fallen angel); perhaps from daio (giving out destinies). This is demon, evil spirit, god of another religion, or fallen angel.
V “gone out” = exerchomai. From ek (from, from out of) + erchomai (to come, go). This is to go out, depart, escape, proceed from, spread news abroad.
3 and Joanna,W the wifeX of Herod’sY
W “Joanna” = Ioanna. 2x in NT– only in Luke’s gospel. From Ioannes (John, meaning “the Lord has been gracious”); From Hebrew yochanan (Johanan); from Yehochanan (“the Lord has been gracious”); {from YHVH (proper name of the God of Israel); {from havah (to become); from hayah (to be, exist, happen)} + chanan (beseech, show favor, be gracious; properly, to bend in kindness to someone with less status). This is Joanna, meaning “the Lord has been gracious.”
X “wife” = gune. Same as “women” in v2. See note K above.
Y “Herod’s” = Herodes. Perhaps from heros (hero, warrior) + oide (song, ode, legend, tale); {from aoide (song, ode, legend, tale); {from aeido (to sing) + e (this is added to verbs to make them nouns)}} OR from hera (Hera) + oide (same as above). This is Herod, perhaps “hero’s song,” “Hera’s song,” or “heroic.” See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Herod
stewardZ Chuza,AA and Susanna,BB
Z “steward” = epitropos. 3x in NT. From epitrepo (to allow, permit, yield, entrust, give license); {from epi (on, upon, against, what is fitting) + the same as trope (turning, change, shifting); {from trepo (to turn)}}. This is a someone who has authority like an administrator, foreman, guardian, or steward. It could also be someone who has care over a child under 14.
AA “Chuza” = Chouzas. 1x in NT. Perhaps from chazah (to see, to experience a vision). This is Chuza, which may mean “seer” or “visionary.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Chuza.html
BB “Susanna” = Sousanna. 1x in NT. From Hebrew shushan (lily, Shoshan, or Shoshannah; other flowers that look like lilies, architecture decoration in the shape of a lily, a musical tune, or trumpets due to the similar appearance); {perhaps from sus (to rejoice, be glad; properly, to be bright or cheerful)}. This is Susanna or Sousanna, meaning “lily” or “white” or “pure.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Susan.html
and manyCC others,DD who ministeredEE to them out of their own resources.FF
CC “many” = polus. This is much, often, plenteous – a large number or a great extent.
DD “others” = heteros. This is other, another, different, strange. It is another of a different kind in contrast to the Greek word allos, which is another of the same kind. This could be a different quality, type, or group.
EE “ministered” = diakoneo. From diakonos (servant, minister, waiter, or attendant; a person who performs a service, including religious service); {perhaps from dia (through, across to the other side, thoroughly) + konis (dust) OR from dioko (to chase after, put to flight; by implication, to persecute or to purse like a hunter after its prey; this can be earnestly pursue or zealously persecute); {related to dio (put to flight)}}. This is to wait at table, to serve generally, to minister or administer, to be in the office of deacon. To wait on someone as a slave, friend, or host.
FF “resources” = huparcho. From hupo (by, under, about, subordinate to) + archo (to rule, begin, have first rank or have political power). This is to begin or be ready, to exist or possess. It is what one already has or possesses.
16 “No one after lightingGG a lampHH hidesII it under a jarJJ
GG “lighting” = hapto. 5x in NT. This is to touch, cling, light on fire.
HH “lamp” = luchnos. 14x in NT. Perhaps from the base of leukos (bright, white, brilliant); from luke (light). This is a lamp that is portable and fueled by oil. It can mean light in a literal or figurative sense.
II “hides” = kalupto. 8x in NT. Related to kalube (hut, cabin). This is to cover, hide, veil, or conceal. Figuratively, it can mean to keep hidden or secret.
JJ “jar” = skeuos. This is a vessel, object, article, property, a tool. It is an implement or other equipment in a literal or figurative sense. It could also refer to a vessel of mercy or a wife.
or putsKK it under a bed;LL rather, one puts it on a lampstand,MM
KK “puts” = tithemi. This is to put, place, set, fix, establish in a literal or figurative sense. Properly, it is placing something in a passive or horizontal position.
LL “bed” = kline. 9x in NT. From klino (to slant, rest, recline, approach an end, wear; to bend in a literal or figurative sense – to lay down, a day ending, causing an opposing army to flee). This is couch, bed, mat. Either a couch laid on to eat or for sleeping.
MM “lampstand” = luchnia. Related to “lamp” in v16. 12x in NT. From luchnos (see note HH above). This is lampstand or candlestick.
so that those who enterNN may seeOO the light.PP
NN “enter” = eisporeuomai. 18x in NT. From eis (to, into, for, among) + poreuomai (to go, travel, journey, die; refers to transporting things from one place to another; focuses on the personal significance of the destination); {from poros (passageway)}. 18x in NT. This is to enter or journey in in a literal or figurative sense.
OO “see” = blepo. This is literally to see – it is primarily used in the physical sense. However, figuratively it can be seeing, which includes attention and so to watchfulness, being observant, perceiving, and acting on the visual information. It can also mean beware.
PP “light” = phos. From phao (to shine or make visible, especially with rays of light); from the same as phaino (to bring light, cause to appear, shine, become visible or clear). This is light, a source of light, fire, or radiance. This is light with specific reference to what it reveals. It is luminousness whether natural or artificial, abstract or concrete, literal or figurative.
17 For nothing is hiddenQQ that will not beRR disclosed,SS
QQ “hidden” = kruptos. 19x in NT. From krupto (to hide by covering, secret, hidden things). This is something concealed, hidden, secret, or private. It can also refer to the inner nature. This is the root of the word “cryptography.”
RR “be” = ginomai. Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note A above.
SS “disclosed” = phaneros. Related to “light” in v16. 18x in NT. From phos (see note PP above). This is visible, apparent, clear, shining.
nor is anything secretTT that will not become knownUU and comeVV to light.WW
TT “secret” = apokruphos. Related to “hidden” in v17. 3x in NT. From apokrupto (to hide, keep secret, conceal); {from apo (from, away from) + krupto (see note QQ above)}. This is hidden, secret, or treasured.
UU “become known” = ginosko. This is to know, recognize, realize, perceive, learn. It is knowledge gained through personal experience.
VV “come” = erchomai. Related to “gone out” in v2. See note V above.
WW “light” = phaneros. Same as “disclosed” in v17. See note SS above.
18 So pay attentionXX to how you listen,YY for to those who have,ZZ more will be given,AAA and from those who do not have,
XX “pay attention” = blepo. Same as “see” in v16. See note OO above.
YY “listen” = akouo. This is hear or listen, but it also means to understand by hearing. This is where the word “acoustics” comes from.
ZZ “have” = echo. Related to “soon afterward” in v1. See note B above.
AAA “given” = didomi. To give, offer, place, bestow, deliver. This is give in a literal or figurative sense.
even what they seemBBB to have will be taken away.”CCC
19 Then his motherDDD and his brothersEEE cameFFF to him,
BBB “seem” = dokeo. From dokos (opinion). This is to have an opinion, seem, appear, think, suppose. It deals with a personal judgment. This is the root of the word “doxology.”
CCC “taken away” = airo. This is to lift up in a literal or figurative sense. So, it could mean to lift, carry, or raise. It could also imply lifting something in order to take it away or remove it. Figuratively, this can be used for raising the voice or level of suspense. It can mean sailing off as raising the anchor. It can also correspond to a Hebrew expression for atonement of sin (lift/remove sin).
DDD “mother” = meter. This is mother in a literal or figurative sense.
EEE “brothers” = adelphos. From a (with, community, fellowship) + delphus (womb). This is a brother in a literal or figurative sense. It is also used of another member of the Church.
FFF “came” = paraginomai. Related to {untranslated} in v1 & “women” in v2. From para (from beside, by) + ginomai (see note A above). This is to arrive, appear, reach. It implies appearing publicly.
but they couldGGG not reachHHH him because of the crowd.III
GGG “could” = dunamai. This is to be able, or something that is possible. It can also be empowered or being powerful. The Greek word for “miracle” (dunamis) comes from this root.
HHH “reach” = suntugchano. 1x in NT. From sun (with, together with) + tugchano (root means to become ready; to hit, meet, happen, obtain, chance, perhaps; properly, to hit the mark or be spot on; the opposite of the Greek word for sin hamartano, which literally means to miss the mark); {perhaps from tucho (to make ready, bring about)}. This is to meet, join, reach – to come together by chance.
III “crowd” = ochlos. Related to “soon afterward” in v1 & “have” in v18. Perhaps from echo (see note B above). This is a crowd, the common people, a rabble. Figuratively, it can refer to a riot.
20 And he was told,JJJ “Your mother and your brothers are standingKKK outside, wantingLLL to seeMMM you.”
JJJ “told” = apaggello. Related to “bringing the good news” in v1. From apo (from, away from) + aggello (see note G above). This is to report, declare, bring word. It is an announcement that emphasizes the source.
KKK “standing” = histemi. This is to stand, place, establish, appoint, stand ready, be steadfast.
LLL “wanting” = thelo. This is to wish, desire, will, or intend. It is to choose or prefer in a literal or figurative sense. It can also mean inclined toward or take delight in. It can have a sense of being ready to act on the impulse in question.
MMM “see” = horao. To see, perceive, attend to, look upon, experience. Properly, to stare at and so implying clear discernment. This, by extension, would indicate attending to what was seen and learned. This is to see, often with a metaphorical sense. Can include inward spiritual seeing.
21 But he saidNNN to them,OOO “My mother and my brothers are those who hearPPP the wordQQQ of God and doRRR it.”
NNN “said” = apokrinomai. From apo (from, away from) + krino (to judge, decide, think good, condemn, determine, pass judgment, stand trial, sue; judging whether in court or in a private setting; properly, mentally separating or distinguishing an issue – to come to a choice or decision, to judge positively or negatively in seeking what is right or wrong, who is innocent or guilty; can imply trying, condemning, punishing, or avenging). This is to reply or respond, to draw one’s own conclusions, to speak when one is expected to.
OOO {untranslated} = eiron. This is to speak say, answer, command.
PPP “hear” = akouo. Same as “listen” in v18. See note YY above.
QQQ “word” = logos. From lego (to speak, tell, mention). This is word, statement, speech, analogy. It is a word that carries an idea or expresses a thought, a saying. It could refer to a person with a message or reasoning laid out in words. By implication, this could be a topic, line of reasoning, or a motive. It can be used for a divine utterance or as Word – Christ.
RRR “do” = poieo. This is to make, do, act, construct, abide, or cause.
Image credit: “The Holy Women at the Grave” at the abbey church in Mozac, 12th century. Photo by Marie-Lan Nguyen, 2007.