1 Samuel 24

^I {untranslated} = hayah. This is to be or become, to happen.
^II “Saul” = Shaul. From shaal (to ask, inquire, beg, borrow, desire, request; can also mean demand). This is Saul or Shaul, meaning “asked of the Lord.”
^III “returned” = shub. To turn back, return, turn away – literally or figuratively. Doesn’t necessarily imply going back to where you started from. This is also the root verb for the Hebrew word for repentance “teshubah.”

^IV “following” = achar. From achar (to remain behind, linger, continue, be behind, or delay; can also imply procrastination). This is after or the last part, following.
^V “Philistines” = Pelishti. From Pelesheth (Philistia); from palash (to mourn, wallow, maybe roll in). This is Philistines. Their name may mean “griever” or “burrower” or “weakener.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Philistine.html.
^VI “told” = nagad. This is to declare, make conspicuous, stand in front, manifest, predict, explain.
^VII {untranslated} = amar. This is to speak, say, answer, command, promise, report.

^VIII {untranslated} = hinneh. From hen (lo! Behold! If, though; an expression of surprise). This is to draw attention, show suddenness or surprise, or to emphasize the importance of the coming statement. See! Lo! Behold!
^IX “David” = David. From the same as dod (beloved, love, uncle); the root may mean to boil, which is used figuratively to describe love. So, this implies someone you love such as a friend, a lover, or a close family member like an uncle. David’s name likely means something like “beloved one.”
^X “wilderness” = midbar. From dabar (to speak, command, declare). This is mouth or speech. It can also be desert or wilderness. Additionally, it can be used for a pasture to which one drives cattle.
^XI “En-gedi” = En Gedi. 6x in OT. From Ayin (Ain, a place whose name means “spring” or “fountain”); {from the same as ayin (eye, appearance; eye in a literal or figurative sense; a fountain)} + gedi (a young goat); {from the same as gadah (a bank or border of a river or stream)}. This is En-gedi, a place whose name means “spring of a kid” or “fountain of a kid.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/En-gedi.html

^XII “took” = laqach. This is to take, accept, carry away, receive. It can also have the sense of take a wife or take in marriage.
^XIII “three” = shalosh. This is three, fork, three times.
^XIV “thousand” = eleph. Perhaps from the same as eleph (herd, cattle); from alaph (to learn, speak, associate with). This is thousand.
^XV “chosen” = bachur. From bachar (to choose, appoint, try, excellent). This is choice, chosen, selected. It is a youth or young man.
^XVI “men” = ish. Perhaps from enosh (human, humankind, mortal); from anash (to be weak, sick, or frail). This is man, husband, another, or humankind.

^XVII “all” = kol. From kalal (to complete). This is all or every.
^XVIII “Israel” = Yisrael. From sarah (to persist, exert oneself, contend, persevere, wrestle, prevail) + El (God or god). This is Israel, meaning God strives or one who strives with God; new name for Jacob and for his offspring. This refers to the people and to the land.
^XIX “went” = halak. This is go, come, walk. It is walk literally and figuratively and includes people and animals. It can be used figuratively for one’s moral life – how we walk according to God’s way or against it. It can also refer to the walk of life as in the course one’s life takes, the choices we make, etc.
^XX “look for” = baqash. This is to seek, ask, desire, or request. It can be any kind of searching. It can also mean to worship or pray – implies a striving for.

^XXI “direction” = paneh. From panah (to turn, face, appear). This is face in a literal or figurative sense. It could be face, presence, anger, respect. It can also be used of God to indicate divine favor or presence.
^XXII “Rocks” = tsur. From tsur (to confine, cramp, or bind in a literal or figurative sense; to besiege, assault, or distress). This is rock, stone, cliff, boulder, rocky. It can also be a refuge, a way to refer to God.
^XXIII “Wild Goats” = yael. 3x in OT. Perhaps from ya’al (to gain, profit, do good, ascend, be useful or valuable; benefitted). This is a mountain goat or an ibex – a creature that climbs.

^XXIV “came” = bo. This is to enter, come in, advance, fulfill, bring offerings, enter to worship, attack. It can also have a sexual connotation.
^XXV “sheepfolds” = gederah + tson. Gederah is 10x in OT. From gadar (to build a wall or wall off, mason, repair, hedge, enclose; to wall in or wall around). This is a wall, hedge, or enclosure. It is often used for a sheepfold. Tson is a flock of sheep and goats.
^XXVI “road” = derek. From darak (to tread, march, to walk. Can also mean affixing a string to a box since one needs to step on it to bend it in the process; so also an archer). This is a road as a thing that is walked on. Can be used figuratively for the path that one’s life takes or how one chooses to live one’s life.

^XXVII “cave” = mearah. Perhaps from ur (to be made naked, exposed, or bare). This is a cave, cavern, den, or hole.
^XXVIII “went in” = bo. Same as “came” inv 3. See note XXIV above.
^XXIX “relieve” = sakak. This is to cover or overshadow. It could also be to hedge or fence it. Figuratively, this could be to defend, protect, or join together.
^XXX “himself” = regel. This is foot, endurance, or journey. It is a foot as the means of walking and so it implies a step or a greater journey. It can be used euphemistically for private parts.

^XXXI “sitting” = yashab. This is to sit and so to remain and so to dwell. It is sitting for any reason – as a judge, in order to ambush, or just sitting quietly. Causatively, this can mean settling or marrying. This can also mean continue, endure, or establish.
^XXXII “innermost parts” = yerekah. From yarek (thigh, side, body, shank; can be figurative for genitalia). This is flank, side, recesses, border, quarter, extreme parts.
^XXXIII “said” = amar. Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note VII above.

^XXXIV “here” = hinneh. Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note VIII above.
^XXXV “day” = yom. Root may mean being hot. This is the day in a literal or figurative sense. It can also mean birth, age, daylight, continually or other references to time.
^XXXVI “Lord” = YHVH. Related to {untranslated} in v1. From havah (to be, become) or hayah (see note I above). This is the name of the God of Israel, the self-existent and eternal one, the tetragrammaton. This pronunciation has been lost to time so “Lord” is generally used in its place.

^XXXVII {untranslated} = hinneh. Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note VIII above.
^XXXVIII “give” = natan. This is to give, put, set, offer. It is to give literally or figuratively.
^XXXIX “enemy” = oyeb. From ayab (to hate or be hostile to). This is a foe or enemy as one that you are hostile to.
^XL “hand” = yad. This is hand, ability, power. Hand in a literal sense, but also what one can do or the means by which one does it.
^XLI “do” = asah. This is to make, do, act, appoint, become in many senses.
^XLII “seems good” = yatab. This is to be good or pleasing, joyful. It can also mean doing good in an ethical sense or be beautiful, happy, successful, or right.
^XLIII “you” = ayin. Related to “En-gedi” in v1. See note XI above.

^XLIV “went” = qum. To arise, stand, accomplish, establish, abide. This is rising as in rising against, getting up after being sick or asleep, arising from one state to another, becoming powerful, or rising for action. It can also be standing in a figurative sense.
^XLV “stealthily” = lat. 7x in OT. From lut (to wrap, envelop) OR from lat (softly, muffled); {from l (to, for, of) + at (gentleness, charmer) or from la’at (to cover)}. This is mystery, covered, secret arts, incantation.
^XLVI “cut off” = karat. This is to cut down, cut off, or make a covenant (idiom for making a covenant is “to cut a covenant”). It can also mean to destroy, fail, or consume.
^XLVII “corner” = kanaph. This is wing, edge, corner, extremity. It can also be a flap or fold of a garment or the pinnacle of a building.
^XLVIII “cloak” = meil. From maal (to cover up; figuratively, to act in a covert or treacherous way, to be unfaithful or transgress). This is a robe, mantle, or cloak – an outer garment.

^XLIX {untranslated} = hayah. Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note I above.
^L “afterward” = achar + ken. Achar is the same as “following” in v1. See note IV above. Ken is perhaps from kun (properly, in a perpendicular position; literally, to establish, fix, fasten, prepare; figuratively, it is certainty, to be firm, faithfulness, render sure or prosperous). This is to set upright. Generally used figuratively to mean thus, so, afterwards, rightly so.
^LI “stricken” = nakah. This is to hit whether lightly or severely. It can be used in a literal or figurative sense. So, this could be beat, punish, give wounds, kill, or slaughter.
^LII “heart” = leb. From the same as lebab (the heart, courage, one’s inner self, the mind, the will; only used in a figurative sense in the Bible); may be related to labab (to encourage; properly, to be encased as with fat; used in a good sense, this means to transport someone with love; used in a bad sense, it can mean to dull one’s senses).. This is inner self, mind, will, feelings, the center.

^LIII “men” = enosh. Related to “men” in v2. See note XVI above.
^LIV “Lord” = YHVH. Related to {untranslated} in v1 & “Lord” in v4. From the same as YHVH (see note XXXVI above). This is a secondary spelling of the Lord, the name of the God of Israel. It has the same meaning.
^LV “forbid” = chalilah. From chalal (to defile, pollute). This is literally something that is profaned. It is used to mean “God forbid” or “far be it.”
^LVI “thing” = dabar. Related to “wilderness” in v1. From dabar (see note X above). This is speech, a word, a matter, an affair, charge, command, message, promise, purpose, report, request. It is a word, which implies things that are spoken of in a wide sense.
^LVII “lord” = adon. From a root that means ruling or being sovereign. This is lord, master, or owner.

^LVIII “Lord’s” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v6. See note LIV above.
^LIX “anointed” = mashiach. From mashach (to smear or anoint; to run oil on, to consecrate). This is the anointed or consecrated one. So, it could refer to a king, priest, or saint. It is also the root of the word “messiah.”
^LX “raise” = shalach. This is to send out, away, send for, forsake. It can also mean to divorce or set a slave free.
^LXI “Lord’s” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v6. See note LIV above.

^LXII “rebuked” = shasa. 9x in OT. This is to split, tear, persuade, or upbraid.
^LXIII “men” = ish. Same as “men” in v2. See note XVI above.
^LXIV “severely” = dabar. Same as “thing” in v6. See note LVI above.
^LXV “permit” = natan. Same as “give” in v4. See note XXXVIII above.
^LXVI “attack” = qum. Same as “went” in v4. See note XLIV above.

^LXVII “got up and left” = qum. Same as “went” in v4. See note XLIV above.
^LXVIII “went” = halak. Same as “went” in v2. See note XIX above.
^LXIX “way” = derek. Same as “road” in v3. See note XXVI above.
^LXX “rose up” = qum. Same as “went” in v4. See note XLIV above.
^LXXI “went out” = yatsa. This is to go or come out, bring forth, appear. It is to go out in a literal or figurative sense.

^LXXII “called” = qara. This is to call or call out – to call someone by name. Also used more broadly for calling forth.
^LXXIII “after” = achar. Same as “following” in v1. See note IV above.
^LXXIV {untranslated} = amar. Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note VII above.
^LXXV “lord” = adon. Same as “lord” in v6. See note LVII above.
^LXXVI “king” = melek. From malak (to be or become king or queen, to rise to the throne, to be crowned; by implication, to take counsel). This is king or royal.

^LXXVII “looked” = nabat. This is to behold, look at intently, consider, or scan. It can mean to have respect or regard someone favorably.
^LXXVIII “behind” = achar. Same as “following” in v1. See note IV above.
^LXXIX “bowed” = qadad. 15x in OT. Properly, this means to shrivel up. So it is used for bowing one’s head, bowing down, or stooping. It can be used to show deference.

^LXXX “face” = aph. From anaph (to be angry; properly, breathing hard as a signifier of being enraged). This properly refers to the nose or nostril and by extension the face. It can specifically refer to anger or wrath as one breathes hard and nostrils flare in times of great anger.
^LXXXI “ground” = erets. Root may mean to be firm. This is earth, ground, field land, or country.
^LXXXII “did obeisance” = shachah. This is to bow down, make a humble entreaty, to do homage to royalty or to God.

^LXXXIII “listen” = shama. This is to hear, call, consent, or consider. It implies listening intelligently, giving attention, and, because of these two factors, obedience and action are often implied.
^LXXXIV “words” = dabar. Same as “thing” in v6. See note LVI above.
^LXXXV {untranslated} = hinneh. Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note VIII above.
^LXXXVI “seeks” = baqash. Same as “look for” in v2. See note XX above.
^LXXXVII “harm” = ra’. From ra’a’ (to be evil, bad, afflict; properly, to spoil – to destroy by breaking into pieces; figuratively, to cause something to be worthless; this is bad in a physical, social, or moral sense; that which displeases, to do harm or mischief, to punish or vex). This is bad, disagreeable, that which causes pain, misery, something having little or no value, something that is ethically bad, wicked, injury, calamity. This refers to anything that is not what it ought to be – a natural disaster, a disfigurement, an injury, a sin.

^LXXXVIII {untranslated} = hinneh. Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note VIII above.
^LXXXIX “eyes” = ayin. Same as “you” in v4. See note XLIII above.
^XC “seen” = raah. This is to see in a literal or figurative sense so stare, advise, think, view.
^XCI “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v4. See note XXXVI above.
^XCII {untranslated} = yom. Same as “hand” in v4. See note XXXV above.
^XCIII “urged” = amar. Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note VII above.

^XCIV “kill” = harag. This is to strike with deadly intent so it can be kill, destroy, murder, or put to death.
^XCV “spared” = chus. This is properly to cover. In a figurative sense it means looking with compassion, pitying, regarding, or sparing someone.
^XCVI “lord” = adon. Same as “lord” in v6. See note LVII above.
^XCVII “Lord’s” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v4. See note XXXVI above.

^XCVIII {untranslated} = gam. This is also, moreover, again.
^XCIX “father” = ab. This is father, chief, or ancestor. It is father in a literal or figurative sense.
^C “know” = yada. This is to know, acknowledge, advise, answer, be aware, be acquainted with. Properly, this is to figure something out by seeing. It includes ideas of observation, recognition, and care about something. It can be used causatively for instruction, designation, and punishment.
^CI “for certain” = raah. Same as “seen” in v10. See note XC above.

^CII “no” = ayin. Perhaps from a word that means to be nothing. This means nothing, none, non-existent. It can also simply mean not or are not.
^CIII “wrong” = ra’. Same as “harm” in v9. See note LXXXVII above.
^CIV “treason” = pesha. From pasha (to rebel, offend, quarrel; making a break from proper authority so can also refer to an apostate). This is transgression, rebellion, or sin. It could be a revolt on a national scale or an individual moral one.

^CV “sinned” = chata. This is properly to miss, and so figuratively it is used for sinning, bearing the blame. It implies a forfeiture or loss of something.
^CVI “hunting” = tsadah. 3x in OT. This is to lie in wait, premeditate, hunt, destroy.
^CVII “life” = nephesh. Related to naphash (to refresh or be refreshed). This is soul, self, person, emotion. It is a breathing creature. Can also refer to appetites and desires.

^CVIII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v4. See note XXXVI above.
^CIX “judge” = shaphat. This is to judge, defend, pronounce judgment, condemn, or govern. It can refer to God judging or to human judges. This is pronouncing a verdict in favor or against so it implies consequences or punishment. It can also mean to litigate or govern as one with authority.
^CX “between” = bayin. From bin (to discern, consider, attend to; distinguishing things in one’s mind or, more generally, to understand). This is among, between, interval.
^CXI {untranslated} = bayin. Same as “between” in v12. See note CX above.

^CXII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v4. See note XXXVI above.
^CXIII “avenge” = naqam. This is to avenge, punish, have a grudge, execute.
^CXIV “be” = hayah. Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note I above.
^CXV “ancient” = qadmoni. 10x in OT. From qadmon (eastern); from the same as qedem (front, formerly, before, east, eternal, everlasting, antiquity); from qadam (to come in front or be in front; to meet, anticipate, confront, receive, or rise; sometimes to meet for help). This is former or eastern.
^CXVI “proverb” = mashal. From mashal (to compare, speak in a proverb or riddle – to speak in allegory or liken). This is proverb, parable, taunt, discourse, maxim, adage, poem.

^CXVII “wicked” = rasha. From resha (wrong, particularly moral wrong; wickedness, evil, wicked deeds, or something that is ill-gotten). This is to be or do something wicked, condemn, give punishment, vex, disturb, or violate.
^CXVIII “comes forth” = yatsa. Same as “went out” in v8. See note LXXI above.
^CXIX “wickedness” = resha. Related to “wicked” in v13. See note CXVII above.

^CXX “against” = achar. Same as “following” in v1. See note IV above.
^CXXI “come out” = yatsa. Same as “went out” in v8. See note LXXI above.
^CXXII {untranslated} = achar. Same as “following” in v1. See note IV above.
^CXXIII “pursue” = radaph. This is to chase after, pursue, hunt, or persecute. It is running after someone or something, generally with hostile motives.
^CXXIV {untranslated} = achar. Same as “following” in v1. See note IV above.
^CXXV “dead” = mut. This is to die in a literal or figurative sense. It can also refer to being a dead body.
^CXXVI “dog” = keleb. This is yelping or attacking. It can also refer to a dog or it can be a term used for a male prostitute.

^CXXVII {untranslated} = achar. Same as “following” in v1. See note IV above.
^CXXVIII “single” = echad. Perhaps from achad (to unify, continue on a path; figuratively, to gather one’s thoughts). This is the number one, first, united. It can also be alone, altogether, a certain, a few.
^CXXIX “flea” = parosh. 2x in OT. Perhaps from parash (to separate, declare) OR para (to loosen, expose, begin, avoid, perish, cause to be naked) + ash (moth, moth-eaten, maggots, grass); {from ashesh (to shrink or waste away; figuratively, to fail or be consumed)}. This is a flea.

^CXXX “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v4. See note XXXVI above.
^CXXXI “judge” = dayyan. 2x in OT. From din (to judge, defend, dispute, govern, quarrel, plead). This is a judge or advocate.
^CXXXII “give sentence” = shaphat. Same as “judge” in v12. See note CIX above.
^CXXXIII {untranslated} = bayin. Same as “between” in v12. See note CX above.

^CXXXIV “plead” = rib. This is properly to toss or grapple. It is used figuratively to mean wrangling and so for arguments, complaints, or disputes. It is used in a legal setting for pleading or defending a case.
^CXXXV “cause” = rib. Related to “plead” in v15. From rib (see note CXXXIV above). This is strife or dispute – whether a personal one or one in a court of law.
^CXXXVI “vindicate” = shaphat. Same as “judge” in v12. See note CIX above.
^CXXXVII “you” = yad. Same as “hand” in v4. See note XL above.

^CXXXVIII {untranslated} = hayah. Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note I above.
^CXXXIX “finished” = kalah. This is to end, be finished, complete, prepare, consume, spent, or completely destroyed.
^CXL “speaking” = dabar. Related to “wilderness” in v1 & “thing” in v6. See note X above.

^CXLI “voice” = qol. This is a sound, used often for human voices. Also used when God speaks or angels, animals or instruments. It can be a cry or a noise, thunder or earthquakes and so on.
^CXLII “son” = ben. From banah (to build or obtain children). This is son, age, child. It is son in a literal or figurative sense.
^CXLIII “lifted up” = nasa. This is to lift in a broad sense, literally and figuratively. So it could be to carry, take, or arise. It could also be bring forth, advance, accept.
^CXLIV “wept” = bakah. This is to weep, complain, or lament.

^CXLV “righteous” = tsaddiq. From the same as tsedeq (rightness, righteousness, just cause, vindication; that which is right in a natural, moral, or legal sense; abstractly equity; figuratively prosperity). This is just, innocent, righteous, righteous one, or lawful.
^CXLVI “repaid” = gamal. This is how one deals with someone whether positively or negatively – so to reward, requite. It can also mean to wean or the work that goes into something ripening.
^CXLVII “good” = tob. From tob (to be pleasing, to be good). This is good, beautiful, pleasant, agreeable, bountiful, at ease. This word is used for goodness as a concept, a good thing, a good person. This can refer to prosperity and welfare as well as joy, kindness, sweetness, and graciousness. So, this is ethically good, but also enjoyably good.
^CXLVIII “evil” = ra’. Same as “harm” in v9. See note LXXXVII above.

^CXLIX “today” = yom. Same as “hand” in v4. See note XXXV above.
^CL “explained” = nagad. Same as “told” in v1. See note VI above.
^CLI “dealt” = asah. Same as “do” in v4. See note XLI above.
^CLII “well” = tob. Same as “good” in v17. See note CXLVII above.
^CLIII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v4. See note XXXVI above.
^CLIV “put” = sagar. This is to shut up, imprison, lock, hand over, or figuratively surrender.

^CLV “who” = ish. Same as “men” in v2. See note XVI above.
^CLVI “found” = matsa. This is to find, catch or acquire. It can also mean to come forth or appear. Figuratively, this can mean to meet or be together with.
^CLVII “sent” = shalach. Same as “raise” in v6. See note LX above.
^CLVIII “safely” = tob. Same as “good” in v17. See note CXLVII above.
^CLIX “away” = derek. Same as “road” in v3. See note XXVI above.

^CLX “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v4. See note XXXVI above.
^CLXI “reward” = shalam. This is to be complete or sound – to have safety mentally, physically, or extending to one’s estate. So, if these things are safe and complete, the implication is that one would be friendly; and, if being friendly, one would make amends and that friendship would be reciprocated. This is the root verb that “shalom” comes from, the Hebrew word for peace.
^CLXII “for” = tachat. This is underneath, below, the bottom, instead of.

^CLXIII “now” = attah. Perhaps from et (a period or season; whenever or continually); probably from anah (to answer, sing, announce); from ad (forever, all, old); from adah (to pass on, advance, decorate oneself). This is now, from now on.
^CLXIV {untranslated} = hinneh. Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note VIII above.
^CLXV “surely be king” = malak + malak. Related to “king” in v8. See note LXXVI above. The word is repeated twice – the first time as an Infinitive Absolute. The Infinitive Absolute serves to emphasize the sentiment of the word. It is rather like Foghorn Leghorn’s speech pattern, “I said, I said.”
^CLXVI “kingdom” = mamlakah. Related to “king” in v8 & “surely be king” in v20. From the same as melek (see note LXXVI above). This is kingdom, dominion, sovereignty, rule. It can also refer to the realm.

^CLXVII “established” = qum. Same as “went” in v4. See note XLIV above.
^CLXVIII “swear” = shaba. Perhaps from sheba (seven – the number of perfection/sacred fullness). This is to swear, curse, vow, make a covenant. Properly, it can mean to be complete. This is to seven oneself – as in affirming something so strongly it is as though it were said seven times.
^CLXIX “therefore” = attah. Same as “now” in v20. See note CLXIII above.
^CLXX “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v4. See note XXXVI above.

^CLXXI “descendants” = zera. From zara (to sow or scatter seed; conceive or yield). This is seed or sowing. It can, thus, mean a fruit, plant, sowing time, child, offspring, or posterity.
^CLXXII “wipe out” = shamad. This is to demolish, destroy, perish, overthrow, pluck down.
^CLXXIII “name” = shem. May be from sum (to put, place, set). This is name, fame, renown. A name was thought to indicate something essential about a person – something about their individuality. So, this word can also mean honor, authority, or character.
^CLXXIV “house” = bayit. Related to “son” in v16. Probably from banah (see note CXLII above). This is house, court, family, palace, temple.

^CLXXV “went” = halak. Same as “went” in v2. See note XIX above.
^CLXXVI “home” = bayit. Same as “house” in v21. See note CLXXIV above.
^CLXXVII “men” = ish. Same as “men” in v2. See note XVI above.
^CLXXVIII “went up” = alah. This is to go up, approach, ascend, be high, be a priority; to arise in a literal or figurative sense.
^CLXXIX “stronghold” = matsud. From matsod (bulwark, siege works, net, snare); from tsud (to hunt, to lie in wait in order to catch an animal; used figuratively for capturing people). This is a castle, fortress, or stronghold. Also, a snare, net, or prey. It can abstractly mean capture.