Galatians 4

^I “point is” = lego. This is to speak, say, name, call, command. It is generally to convey verbally.
^II “as long as” = hosos + chronos. Hosos is from hos (who, which, that). This is how much, as many as, as great as. Chronos is time in the chronological sense, quantitative time or a duration of time.
^III “are” = eimi. This is to be, exist.
^IV “minors” = kleronomos + nepios. Kleronomos is 15x in NT. From kleros (lot, portion, heritage; that share assigned to you; also a lot used to determine something by fate, chance, or divine will); {perhaps from klero (casting a lot) or from klao (to break in pieces as one breaks bread)} + the same as nomos (what is assigned – usage, law, custom, principle; used for the law in general or of God’s law; sometimes used to refer to the first five books of the Bible or the entire Old Testament; also used to refer to theology or the practice and tradition of interpreting and implementing the law of God); {from nemo (to parcel out, assign)}}. This is heir, inheritor, or possessor – whether literal of figurative. Nepios is 15x in NT– used in 1 Corinthians 13 (“when I was a child…”). This may be from ne (not) + epos (word; by extension, to speak) {from epo (to answer, bring word, command). This is an infant, child, minor, or immature person. It can also be used figuratively for someone who is childish or unlearned.

^V “no” = oudeis. From oude (not, neither); {from ou (not, no) + de (but, and, now, indeed)} + heis (one, first, alone). This is none, nothing, nobody. It is none whatsoever.
^VI “are…better” = diaphero. 13x in NT. From dia (through, because of, across, thoroughly) + phero (to bear, bring, lead, make known publicly; to carry in a literal or figurative sense). This is to carry through as in all the way to the end. It is differing or fully distinguishing – separating by comparison. Literally, it means transport – figuratively it can mean report or surpass.
^VII “enslaved” = doulos. Perhaps from deo (to tie, bind, fasten, impel, compel; to declare something against the law or prohibited). This is used for a servant or for a slave, enslaved. It refers to someone who belongs to someone else. But, it could be voluntary (choosing to be enslaved to pay off debt) or involuntary (captured in war and enslaved). It is used as a metaphor for serving Christ. Slavery was not inherited (i.e. the children of slaves were not assumed to be slaves) and slaves could buy their way to freedom. Slavery was generally on a contractual basis (that is for the duration of how long it took you to pay your debt and/or save up enough money to buy your freedom).

^VIII “owners” = kurios. From kuros (authority, supremacy). This is a respectful address meaning master or sir. It refers to one who has control or power greater than one’s own. So, it was also applied to God and Jesus as Master or Lord.
^IX “all” = pas. This is all, every.
^X “remain” = eimi. Same as “are” in v1. See note III above.
^XI “guardians” = epitropos. 3x in NT. From epitrepo (to allow, permit, yield, entrust, give license); {from epi (on, upon, against, what is fitting) + the same as trope (turning, change, shifting); {from trepo (to turn)}}. This is a someone who has authority like an administrator, foreman, guardian, or steward. It could also be someone who has care over a child under 14.

^XII “trustees” = oikonomos. Related to “minors” in v1. 10x in NT. From oiokos (house – the building, the household, the family, descendants; the temple) + nemo (to manage) OR from oikos (see above) + the base of nomos (see note IV above)}. This is a steward, manager, or guardian. It refers to someone whose job it is to oversee a house. It can also be a treasurer or other fiscal agent. Figuratively, this can mean someone who preaches the good news.
^XIII “date set” = prothesmia. 1x in NT. From pro (before, first, in front of, earlier) + thesmios (fixed, settled); {from tithemi (to put, place, set, fix, establish in a literal or figurative sense; properly, this is placing something in a passive or horizontal position)}. This is a previously appointed time, a date set earlier or foreordained.
^XIV “father” = pater. This is father in a literal or figurative sense. Could be elder, senior, ancestor, originator, or patriarch.

^XV “minors” = nepios. Same as “minors” in v1. See IV note above.
^XVI “enslaved” = douloo. Related to “slaves” in v1. 8x in NT. From doulos (see note VII above). This is to enslave, cause something to be subject or bound. It focuses on the impact or result of being enslaved. It can be literal or figurative.
^XVII “elemental principles” = stoicheion. 7x in NT. From the same as stoicheo (walking in rows, according to a uniform cadence; it can be marching in military style; figuratively, it is one’s walk of life, living piously); from stoichos (a row) or from steicho (in a line). This is part of a row. So, it could be a letter in the alphabet, something rudimentary or a fundamental element of something else. Figuratively, it is primary principles that are orderly. It can aso refer to heavenly bodies or core sensibility.
^XVIII “world” = kosmos. Perhaps from the base of komizo (to carry, convey, recover); from komeo (to take care of). This is order, the world, the universe, including its inhabitants. Literally, this is something that is ordered so it can refer to all creation. It can also refer to decoration in the sense that something is better ordered and, thus, made more beautiful. This is where “cosmos” and “cosmetics” come from.

^XIX “fullness” = pleroma. 18x in NT. From pleroo (to fill, make full or complete; properly, filling something up to the maximum extent or induvial capacity; used figuratively for furnish, influence, satisfy, finish, preach, perfect, and fulfill); from pleres (to be full, complete, abounding in, occupied with). This is fullness, supply, completion, superabundance, or multitude.
^XX “time” = chronos. Same as “as long as” in v1. See note II above.
^XXI “come” = erchomai. This is to come or go.

^XXII “God” = Theos. From Proto-Indo-European origins, meaning do, put, place. This is God or a god in general.
^XXIII “sent” = exapostello. 13x in NT. From ek (from, from out of) + apostello (to send, send away, send forth as a messenger, to commission); {from apo (from, away from) + stello (to set, arrange, prepare, provide for)}. This is to send away, dismiss, send someone for a mission.
^XXIV “Son” = huios. This is son, descendant – a son whether natural born or adopted. It can be used figuratively for other forms of kinship.

^XXV “born” = ginomai. This is to come into being, to happen, become, be born. It can be to emerge from one state or condition to another or is coming into being with the sense of movement or growth.
^XXVI “woman” = gune. Related to “born” in v4. Perhaps from ginomai (see note XXV above). This is woman, wife, or bride. This is where the word “gynecologist” comes from.
^XXVII “law” = nomos. Related to “minors” in v1 & “trustees” in v2. See note IV above.
^XXVIII “redeem” = exagorazo. 4x in NT. From ek (from, from out of) + agorazo (to go and buy something at market with a focus on goods being transferred; to purchase or redeem.); {from agora (assembly, forum, marketplace, town square, thoroughfare); from ageiro (to gather)}. This is to buy up, purchase, redeem, ransom. Figuratively, it is to save something from loss, take an opportunity fully, making the most of something.

^XXIX “receive” = apolambano. 10x in NT. From apo (from, away from) + lambano (active acceptance/taking of what is available or what has been offered; emphasizes the choice and action of the individual). This is to receive back, separate, to get one’s due.
^XXX “adoption as children” = huiothesia. Related to “Son” in v4 and related to “date set” in v2. 5x in NT. From huios (see note XXIV above) + tithemi (see note XIII above). This is making a son, adoption.
^XXXI “children” = huios. Same as “Son” in v4. See note XXIV above.
^XXXII “Spirit” = Pneuma. From pneo (to blow, breathe, breathe hard). This is wind, breath, or ghost. A breeze or a blast or air, a breath. Figuratively used for a spirit, the human soul or part of us that is rational. It is also used supernaturally for angels, demons, God, and the Holy Spirit. This is where pneumonia comes from.

^XXXIII “hearts” = kardia. Literally the heart, but figuratively mind, character, inner self, will, intention, thoughts, feelings. Also, the center of something. The word heart is only used figuratively in the Old and New Testaments. This is where “cardiac” comes from.
^XXXIV “crying” = krazo. This is to cry out, scream, shriek. It is onomatopoeia for the sound of a raven’s call. Figuratively, this means crying out urgently without intelligible words to express something that is deeply felt.
^XXXV “Abba” = Abba. From Aramaic ab (father); corresponding to Hebrew ab (father in a literal or figurative sense – grandfather, chief, ancestor). This is abba, which means father – not a diminutive daddy.

^XXXVI “no longer” = ouketi. From ou (not, no) + eti (still, even, in addition); {perhaps similar to etos (year, age)}. This is no more, further, then.
^XXXVII “slave” = doulos. Same as “enslaved” in v1. See note VII above.
^XXXVIII “heir” = kleronomos. Same as “minors” in v1. See note IV above.
^XXXIX “formerly” = tote. From ho (the) + hote (when, as soon as); {from hos (which, who, that) + te (and, both)}. This is then, whether about the past or future.
^XL {untranslated} = men. This is truly, indeed, even, in fact. Often, it is not translated, but used to emphasize affirmation.

^XLI “know” = eido. This is to know, consider perceive, appreciate, behold, or remember. It means seeing with one’s eyes, but also figuratively, it means perceiving – seeing that becomes understanding. So, by implication, this means knowing or being aware.
^XLII “enslaved” = douleuo. Related to “enslaved” in v1 & “enslaved” in v3. From doulos (see note VII above). This is to be a slave, serve, do service, obey, be devoted.
^XLIII “by nature” = phusis. 14x in NT. From phuo (to produce, spring up, grow, germinate; perhaps originally meaning puff or blow). This is inherent nature, origin, species, growth, descent, natural disposition, condition. It shares a root with the word “physical.”
^XLIV “gods” = theos. Same as “God” in v4. See note XXII above.

^XLV “now” = nun. This can mean simply now, at the present moment, or immediately. It can also mean now as the logical consequence of what has come before.
^XLVI “come to know” = ginosko. This is to know, recognize, realize, perceive, learn. It is knowledge gained through personal experience.
^XLVII “rather” = mallon. This is rather, more than, or better.
^XLVIII “known” = ginosko. Same as “come to know” in v9. See note XLVI above.

^XLIX “turn back” = epistrepho. Related to “guardians” in v2. From epi (on, upon, among, what is fitting) + strepho (to turn, change, turn back, be converted; to turn around completely to take the opposite path or a completely different one); {from trope (see note XI above)}. This is to turn, return, or come again. It can also mean to revert. It is turning in a literal or figurative sense – also a moral turning.
^L “again” = palin. Perhaps from the same as pale (wrestling, struggle, conflict); from pallo (to sway or vibrate). This is back, again, anew.
^LI “weak” = asthenes. From a (not) + sthenes (strong, vigor); {from the base of sthenoo (to strengthen so that one can be mobile); from sthenos (strength)}. This is without strength so weak, sick, helpless, frail, feeble. It can also be unimpressive or impotent. It can be used for physical or moral weakness.

^LII “beggarly” = ptochos. From ptosso (to crouch or cower as a beggar does). This is poor or destitute – someone who is extremely poor and bowed down because of a long struggle under poverty. Properly, it means bent over so figuratively it is someone who is deeply destitute and lacking tangible resources. This is a beggar – as extremely opposite a wealthy person as possible.
^LIII “want” = thelo. This is to wish, desire, will, or intend. It is to choose or prefer in a literal or figurative sense. It can also mean inclined toward or take delight in. It can have a sense of being ready to act on the impulse in question.
^LIV “enslaved” = douleuo. Same as “enslaved” in v8. See note XLII above.
^LV {untranslated} = anothen. 13x in NT– this is the word used in John 3:3 in the being born “from above”/“again” conversation between Jesus and Nicodemus. From ano (up, above, up to the top, things above, heaven); from ana (up, upwards, again, back, among, anew). This is from above, from the top, again, beginning, from the source. It implies anew.

^LVI “observing” = paratereo. 6x in NT. From para (beside, by, in the presence of) + tereo (to guard, observe, keep, maintain, or preserve; figuratively, spiritual watchfulness; guarding something from being lost or harmed; fulfilling commands, keeping in custody, or maintaining; figuratively can mean to remain unmarried.); { teros (a guard or a watch that guards keep); perhaps related to theoreo (gazing, beholding, experiencing, discerning; looking at something to analyze it and concentrate on what it means; the root of the word “theatre” in that people concentrate on the action of the play to understand its meaning); from theaomai (to behold, look upon, see, contemplate, visit); from thaomai (to gaze at a spectacle; to look at or contemplate as a spectator; to interpret something in efforts to grasp its significance); from theoros (a spectator or envoy)}. This is to watch or observe carefully due to personal interest.
^LVII “days” = hemera. Perhaps from hemai (to sit). This is day, time, or daybreak.
^LVIII “months” = men. 18x in NT. This is month.

^LIX “seasons” = kairos. This is season, opportunity, occasion. The word chronos is used for chronological time. Kairos is used for spiritually significant time – the right time or appointed time.
^LX “years” = eniautos. 14x in NT. Perhaps from enos (year). This is year.
^LXI “am afraid” = phobeo. From phobos (panic flight, fear, fear being caused, terror, alarm, that which causes fear, reverence, respect); from phebomai (to flee, withdraw, be put to flight). This is also to put to flight, terrify, frighten, dread, reverence, to withdraw or avoid. It is sometimes used in a positive sense to mean the fear of the Lord, echoing Old Testament language. More commonly, it is fear of following God’s path. This is where the word phobia comes from.
^LXII “work” = kopiao. From kopos (labor that leads to exhaustion, depletion, weariness, fatigue; working until worn out); from kopto (to cut, strike, cut off; beating the chest to lament and so to mourn). This is working with effort, whether of the body or mind, growing weary, feeling tired, working hard.
^LXIII “wasted” = eike. 6x in NT. Probably from eiko (to be weak, submit, yield, give way); probably akin to hekon (freely, voluntary). This is nothing, idly, for no reason.

^LXIV “brothers” = adelphos. From a (with, community, fellowship) + delphus (womb). This is a brother in a literal or figurative sense. It is also used of another member of the Church.
^LXV “beg” = deomai. Related to “slaves” in v1 & “enslaved” in v3 & “enslaved” in v8. From deo (see note VII above). This is having an urgent need because one is missing or needing something so it is an earnest appeal or pressing request.
^LXVI “become” = ginomai. Same as “born” in v4. See note XXV above.
^LXVII “no” = oudeis. Same as “no” in v1. See note V above.
^LXVIII “done…wrong” = adikeo. From adikos (unjust, unrighteous, wicked, treacherous); {from a (not, without) + dike (the principle of justice; that which is right in a way that is very clear; a decision or the execution of that decision; originally, this word was for custom or usage; evolved to include the process of law, judicial hearing, execution of sentence, penalty, and even vengeance; more commonly, it refers to what is right); may be from deiknumi (to show, point out, exhibit; figurative for teach, demonstrate, make known)}. This is to harm, damage, behave in an unjust way. It can also refer to an offender. It is moral wrong, especially caused by neglecting justice.

^LXIX “know” = eido. Same as “know” in v8. See note XLI above.
^LXX “physical” = sarx. May be from saroo (to sweep, cleanse by sweeping); from sairo (to brush off). This is flesh, the body, human nature, materiality, kindred. Flesh is not always evil in scripture (as when it refers to Jesus taking on a human body). However, it is generally used in a negative way for actions made selfishly and not through faith. This can mean animal flesh, i.e. meat, or refer to body in contrast to soul/spirit. Flesh can be a way of talking about how things or people are related or talking about human frailty (physical or moral).
^LXXI “infirmity” = astheneia. Related to “weak” in v9. From asthenes (see note LI above). This is weakness, frailty, illness, suffering, or calamity. It is any kind of sickness or injury that includes weakness or diminishes your ability to enjoy or accomplish what you would choose.

^LXXII “first” = proteron. 11x in NT. From proteros (before, first, previously); from pro (before, ahead, earlier than, above). This is formerly, before.
^LXXIII “announced the gospel” = euaggelizo. From eu (well, good, rightly) + aggelos (angel, messenger; a messenger from God bringing news – whether a prophet or an angel) {from aggellos (to bring tidings); probably from ago (to bring, lead, carry, guide)}. This is evangelize – literally to preach the good news. It can be those who hear the news, the news, or a way to say gospel.
^LXXIV “condition” = sarx. Same as “physical” in v13. See note LXX above.
^LXXV “test” = peirasmos. From peirazo (to test, try, tempt, or make proof of, scrutinize, or assay something; could also be examine, entice, prove, or discipline); from peira (trial, experiment, attempt, experience, assaying); from the base of peran (over, beyond, across); akin to pera (on the far side); from a derivative or peiro (to pierce). This is a test as in an experiment or assaying. It is also trial, temptation, and discipline. Further, it could be used to mean calamity, affliction, or adversity more generally.

^LXXVI “scorn” = exoutheneo. Related to “no” in v1. 11x in NT. From ek (from, from out of) + oudeis (see note V above). Properly, this is casting someone or something out as nothing, consider someone or something nothing – of no account. This would be to treat someone with utter contempt or to ignore them.
^LXXVII “despise” = ekptuo. 1x in NT. From ek (from, from out of) + ptuo (to spit); {akin to ptoeo (to scare, frighten, fill with panic, flutter; to scare someone so that they behave irrationally); probably similar to pipto (to fall literally or figuratively) or petomai (to fly)}. This is to spit out, which can figuratively mean to fully reject something due to disgust.
^LXXVIII “welcomed” = dechomai. This is to warmly receive, be ready for what is offered, take, accept, or welcome. It is to receive in a literal or figurative sense.

^LXXIX “angel” = aggelos. Related to “announced the gospel” in v13. See note LXXIII above.
^LXXX “Christ” = Christos. From chrio (consecrate by anointing with oil; often done for prophets, priests, or kings). Literally, the anointed one, Christ. The Greek word for Messiah.
^LXXXI “Jesus” = Iesous. From Hebrew Yehoshua (Joshua, the Lord is salvation); {from YHVH (proper name of the God of Israel; the self-existent and eternal one); {from havah (to become) or from hayah (to come to pass, become, be)} + yasha (to deliver, defend, help, preserve, rescue; properly, to be open, wide or free, which implies being safe. So, in a causative sense, this is to free someone)}. This is Jesus or Joshua in Greek – the Lord saves or the Lord is salvation.

^LXXXII “goodwill” = makarismos. 3x in NT – 2x in Romans 4 & 1x in Galatians 4. From makarizo (to bless, call happy, consider one fortunate); from makarios (blessed, happy, fortunate; when God’s grace/abundance is extended); from makar (happy); from mak- (to enlarge, lengthen). This is a pronouncement of blessedness, considering someone happy, the state of blessing or luck.
^LXXXIII “testify” = martureo. From martus (a witness whether having heard or seen something; witness literally, judicially, or figuratively; by analogy, a martyr). This is to bear witness, testify, give evidence. It is to testify in a literal or figurative sense.
^LXXXIV “possible” = dunatos. From dunamai (to be able, have power or ability). This is mighty or powerful. It speaks of ability of persons, possibility of things. It is what can be given the power or ability that the subject exhibits. The root verb is also related to miracles i.e. deeds of power.

^LXXXV “torn out” = exorusso. 2x in NT. From ek (from, from out of) + orusso ((to dig, burrow, or excavate). This is to dig out or extract. It can be to dig through a roof or to gouge an eye.
^LXXXVI “eyes” = ophthalmos. From optanomai (to appear, be seen by); from horao (become, seem, appear). This is eye or sight. It is used figuratively for the mind’s eye, a vision, or for envy.
^LXXXVII “given” = didomi. To give, offer, place, bestow, deliver. This is give in a literal or figurative sense.
^LXXXVIII “enemy” = echthros. From echthos (hatred). This is an openly hostile person so an enemy, a foe, or a hated person. This speaks of irreconcilable hostility. It can also mean adversary and/or refer to Satan.
^LXXXIX “telling…the truth” = aletheuo. 2x in NT. From alethes (true, unconcealed; true because it is in concert with fact and reality – attested; literally, what cannot be hidden; truth stands up to the test and scrutiny and is undeniable, authentic); {from a (not) + lanthano (concealed, hidden, unnoticed; to shut one’s eyes to, unwittingly, unawares)}. This is to speak truth. Figuratively, it is to live that truth in what you teach and profess.

^XC “make much” = zeloo. 12x in NT. From zelos (eagerness or zeal on the one hand or rivalry and jealousy on the other; burning anger or burning love) perhaps from zeo (to boil, be hot, ferment, bubble, boil, or glow; used figuratively for being fervent or earnest). This is jealous, eager for, burning with zeal, deeply committed, envy.
^XCI “good purpose” = kalos. From kalos (good, noble, beautiful, correct, or worthy; external signs of goodness like beauty, demonstrations of honorable character, showing moral virtues; a different word, agathos, speaks of intrinsic good). This is nobly, rightly, well-perceived, seen as appealing, morally pleasing, honorably.
^XCII “exclude” = ekkleio. 2x in NT. From ek (from, from out of) + kleio (to close, lock, shut). This is to shut out or separate.

^XCIII “good” = kalos. Related to “good purpose” in v17. See note XCI above.
^XCIV “at all times” = pantote. Related to “all” in v1. From pas (see note IX above) + tote (then, whether past or future); {from hote (when); from ho (the)}. This is literally every when. It is always, at all times.
^XCV “only” = monon. From monos (alone, single, remaining, mere, desolate); from meno (to stay, abide, wait, endure). This is merely, only, simply, sole. It can also imply alone.
^XCVI “am present” = pareimi. Related to “are” in v1. From para (from beside, by, in the presence of) + eimi (see note III above). This is to be near, to be there, to come.

^XCVII “little children” = teknon. From tikto (to beget, bring forth, produce). This is a child, descendant, or inhabitant.
^XCVIII “am…in the pain of childbirth” = odino. 3x in NT. From odune (pain, distress, or anguish, whether physical or mental); perhaps from duno (to enter, sink into; can also be set like the sun); from duo (to sink). This is to have labor pains from giving birth. It can also be used figuratively.
^XCIX “until” = mechri. 18x in NT. Perhaps from mekos (length); akin to makros (long, distant, lasting); probably similar to megas (big in a literal or figurative sense – great, large, exceeding, abundant, high, mighty, perfect, strong, etc). This is until, even, up to a point.
^C “formed” = morphoo. 1x in NT. From the same as morphe (form, shape, external appearance; an appearance that embodies inner essence; figuratively, the nature of something); perhaps from the same root as meros (a part or share, portion); from meiromai (to get one’s allotment or portion). This is to form, shape, or fashion. It can be in a literal or figurative sense. In particular, it can refer to assuming a form that reflects an inner essence.

^CI “wish” = thelo. Same as “want” in v9. See note LIII above.
^CII “now” = arti. Perhaps from airo (raise, take up, lift, remove). This is now, the present, from now.
^CIII “change” = allasso. 6x in NT. From allos (other, another; another of a similar kind or type). This is to change, transform, or exchange.
^CIV “tone” = phone. Probably from phemi (to declare, say, use contrasts in speaking to shed light on one point of view); {from phao (to shine) or phaino (to bring light, cause to appear, shine, become visible or clear). This is a voice, sound, tone or noise. It can also be a language or dialect.
^CV “am perplexed” = aporeo. 6x in NT. From a (not) + poros (way, resource, passageway); {related to poreuomai (to go, travel, journey, or die; transporting things from one place to another and focuses on the personal significance of the destination)}. This is feeling like you have no way out, being perplexed or doubting.

^CVI “tell” = lego. Same as “point is” in v1. See note I above.
^CVII “desire” = thelo. Same as “want” in v9. See note LIII above.
^CVIII “listen” = akouo. This is hear or listen, but it also means to understand by hearing. This is where the word “acoustics” comes from.
^CIX “written” = grapho. This is to write or describe. It is where the word “graphic” comes from.
^CX “Abraham” = Abraam. Related to “Abba” in v6. From Hebrew Abraham (exalted father); from the same as Abiram (exalted father, a high father – lofty) {from ab (see note XXXV above) + rum (rise, bring up, being high, extol, exalt, haughty; to raise in a literal or figurative sense)}. This is Abraham, father of many nations or father of a multitude.

^CXI “had” = echo. This is to have, hold, possess.
^CXII “two” = duo. This is two, both.
^CXIII “one” = heis. Related to “no” in v1 & “scorn” in v14. See note V above.
^CXIV “enslaved woman” = paidiske. From pais (child, youth, servant, slave); perhaps from paio (to strike or sting). This is young girl or female slave or servant.
^CXV “other” = heis. Same as “one” in v22. See note CXIII above.
^CXVI “free woman” = eleutheras. Related to “come” in v4. Probably from erchomai (see note XXI above). This is free in the sense of exempt or in a state of liberty. So, it can refer to someone who isn’t a slave or someone who isn’t burdened by an obligation – unshackled. Figuratively, it’s someone who has freedom of choice over their own future. So, it can be someone who was released from slavery or someone who was never a slave.

^CXVII {untranslated} = men. Same as {untranslated} in v8. See note XL above.
^CXVIII “born” = gennao. Related to “born” and “woman” in v4. From genna (descent, birth); from genos (family, offspring, kin – in a literal or figurative sense); from ginomai (see note XXV above). This is to beget, give birth to, or bring forth. Properly, it refers to procreation by the father, but was used of the mother by extension. Figuratively, this can mean to regenerate.
^CXIX “flesh” = sarx. Same as “physical” in v13. See note LXX above.
^CXX “promise” = epaggelia. Related to “announced the gospel” in v13 & “angel” in v14. From epi (on, upon, against, what is fitting) + aggello (see note LXXIII above). This is a summons, promise, or message. It is a formal promise that is officially sanctioned. In the New Testament, this usually refers to a promise made in the Old Testament.

^CXXI “allegory” = allegoreo. Related to “change” in v20 & related to “redeem” in v5. 1x in NT. From allos (see note CIII above) + agoreuo (speaking in the assembly) OR from allos (see note CIII above) + agora (see note XXVIII above). This is to allegorize – to be an allegory.
^CXXII “covenants” = diatheke. Related to “date set” in v2 & “adoption as children” in v5. From diatithemi (to place separately – to make a will or covenant; this is arranging ahead of time how things will be accomplished); {from dia (through, because of, across, thoroughly) + tithemi (see note XIII above)}. This is a will, covenant, contract, or agreement.
^CXXIII “in fact” = men. Same as {untranslated} in v8. See note XL above.
^CXXIV “Hagar” = Hagar. 2x in NT. From Hebrew Hagar (Hagar); {perhaps from hagar (fleeing; a stranger or foreigner) OR from ha (the) + garar (to drag out or away) OR from Persian/Greek aggareuo (to press into service)}. This is Hagar, meaning “flight” or “to be dragged off” or “pressed into service” or “sojourner” or “foreigner” or “messenger.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Hagar.html#.Xh-BtUdKhPY and https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Hagar

^CXXV “Mount” = oros. Related to “now” in v20. Perhaps from oro (to rise); perhaps akin toairo (see note CII above). This is mountain or hill.
^CXXVI “Sinai” = Sina. 4x in NT. From Hebrew Sinay (Sinai, meaning “bush of the Lord” or “muddy”); probably from the same as Sin (Sin, a city meaning “clay” or “bush); {perhaps from asam (to gather, store) OR from seneh (thorn bush) OR related to Aramaic siyn (a god called Sin) OR perhaps Hebrew siyn (related to mud or clay)}. This is Sinai, meaning “bush of the Lord” or “muddy.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Sinai.html
^CXXVII “bearing children” = gennao. Same as “born” in v23. See note CXVIII above.
^CXXVIII “slavery” = douleia. Related to “slaves” in v1 & “enslaved” in v3 & “enslaved” in v8 & “beg” in v12. 5x in NT. From douleo (to be a slave, be in bondage, to serve, obey, be devoted; it is to be a slave in a literal or figurative sense); from doulos (see note VII above). This is slavery, bondage, or enslavement in a literal or figurative sense.

^CXXIX “Arabia” = Arabia. 2x in NT. From Hebrew Arab (Arab, “a desert plateau”) OR from Arabic ‘arab (declare, Arabicize); from ‘-r-b (to do business, declare). This is Arabia. See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8#Arabic
^CXXX “corresponds” = sustoicheo. Related to “elemental spirits” in v3. 1x in NT. From sun (with, together with) + stoicheo (see note XVII above). This is to be in line like soldiers in ranks. Figuratively, it can mean to correspond or answer to.
^CXXXI “present” = nun. Same as “now” in v9. See note XLV above.
^CXXXII “Jerusalem” = Ierousalem. From Hebrew Yerushalaim (probably foundation of peace); {from yarah (to throw, shoot, be stunned; to flow as water so figuratively to instruct or teach) + shalam (to make amends, to be complete or sound)}. This is Jerusalem, dwelling of peace.

^CXXXIII “is in slavery” = douleuo. Same as “enslaved” in v8. See note XLII above.
^CXXXIV “children” = teknon. Same as “little children” in v19. See note XCVII above.
^CXXXV “above” = ano. Related to {untranslated} in v9. 9x in NT. See note LV above.
^CXXXVI “free” = eleuthras. Same as “free woman” in v22. See note CXVI above.
^CXXXVII “mother” = meter. This is mother in a literal or figurative sense.

^CXXXVIII “rejoice” = euphraino. Related to “announced the gospel” in v13. 14x in NT. From eu (see note LXXIII above) + phren (diaphragm, heart, intellect, understanding; figurative for personal opinion or inner mindset; thought regulating action; sympathy, feelings, cognition); {perhaps from phrao (to rein in or curb)}. This is to be glad, revel, feast. It is having a positive outlook, rejoicing.
^CXXXIX “childless one” = steira. 5x in NT. From steiros (barren) OR from stereos (hard, solid, steadfast, sure, stable; solid in a literal or figurative sense). This is barren or sterile. It may be from the root as stiff or not natural. This is the root that “sterile” comes from.
^CXL “bear…children” = tikto. Related to “little children” in v19. See note XCVII above.

^CXLI “burst into song” = rhegnumi. 7x in NT. This is to break, burst, wreak, crack, break apart. Figuratively, it can be bursting into speech or song or happy emotion. It can also refer to breaking out in spasms.
^CXLII “shout” = boao. 12x in NT. From boe (a cry or shout). This is cry out, make a distress call, ask for desperately need assistance.
^CXLIII “endure…birth pangs” = odino. Same as “am…in the pain of childbirth” in v19. See note XCVIII above.

^CXLIV “children” = teknon. Same as “little children” in v19. See note XCVII above.
^CXLV “desolate woman” = eremos. Properly, a place that is not settled or farmed, not populated. It could be a deserted area or a desert place. It could be seen as secluded, solitary, or lonesome. Any kind of vegetation is sparse, but so are people generally.
^CXLVI “more” = mallon. Same as “rather” in v9. See note XLVII above.
^CXLVII “numerous” = polus. This is much, often, plenteous – a large number or a great extent.
^CXLVIII “is married” = echo + ho + aner. Literally, “has the man.” Echo is the same as “had” in v22. See note CXI above. Aner is man, male, husband, or fellow. It can also refer to an individual.

^CXLIX “children” = teknon. Same as “little children” in v19. See note XCVII above.
^CL “Isaac” = Isaak. From Hebrew yitschaq (Isaac, “he laughs”); from tsachaq (to laugh, mock, play, make sport; this is laughing out loud whether in joy or in a scornful way). Isaac, meaning “he laughs.”
^CLI “just as” = hosper. Related to “test” in v14. From hos (as, like, since, when, while); {from hos (who, which, that); perhaps from ho (the)} + per (indeed, whosoever); {from peri (about, concerning, all around, encompassing); perhaps from the base of peran (see note LXXV above)}. This is just as, exactly like.
^CLII “at that time” = tote. Same as “formerly” in v8. See note XXXIX above.
^CLIII “born” = gennao. Same as “born” in v23. See note CXVIII above.
^CLIV “persecuted” = dioko. From dio (put to flight). This is chase or pursue in an aggressive fashion. By implication, it is persecute. It can also be used positively for eagerly pursuing something.

^CLV “scripture” = graphe. Related to “written” in v22. From grapho (see note CIX above). This is literally writing, a document. In the New Testament, this is always used for scripture.
^CLVI “say” = lego. Same as “point is” in v1. See note I above.
^CLVII “drive out” = ekballo. From ek (from, from out of) + ballo (to throw, cast, place, put, drop). This is to throw, put out, produce, expel, banish. It is eject in a literal or figurative sense.
^CLVIII “child” = huios. Same as “Son” in v4. See note XXIV above.

^CLIX “share the inheritance” = kleronomeo. Related to “minors” in v1 and related to “minors” in v1 & “trustees” in v2 & “law” in v4. 18x in NT. From kleronomos (see note IV above). This is to acquire or get by inheriting.
^CLX “child” = huios. Same as “Son” in v4. See note XXIV above.
^CLXI “so then” = dio. From dia (through, because of, across, thoroughly) + hos (who, which, that). This is therefore, consequently.
^CLXII “children” = teknon. Same as “little children” in v19. See note XCVII above.