1 Samuel 25

^I “Samuel” = Shemuel. From shem (name, fame, renown; indicating something essential about a person; honor, authority, or character); {may be from sum (to put, place, set)} + El (God, a god) OR from shama (hear, call, consent, or consider; implies listening intelligently, giving attention; obedience and action are often implied) + El (God, a god).This is Samuel meaning either the “name of God” or “heard of God.”
^II “died” = mut. This is to die in a literal or figurative sense. It can also refer to being a dead body.
^III “all” = kol. From kalal (to complete). This is all or every.

^IV “Israel” = Yisrael. Related to “Samuel” in v1. From sarah (to persist, exert oneself, contend, persevere, wrestle, prevail) + El (see note I above). This is Israel, meaning God strives or one who strives with God; new name for Jacob and for his offspring. This refers to the people and to the land.
^V “assembled” = qabats. This is to collect, assemble, heap, grasp, or gather.
^VI “mourned” = saphad. This is to wail, mourn. Properly, it is lamenting by tearing one’s hair and beating one’s chest. It implies wailing.

^VII “buried” = qabar. This is to bury or inter. It could also refer to the person who does the burying.
^VIII “home” = bayit. Probably from banah (to build, make, set up, obtain children; to build literally or figuratively). This is house, court, family, palace, temple.
^IX “Ramah” = Ramah. From rum (to be high, rise, exalt self, extol, be haughty; to rise literally or figuratively) OR from ramah (properly, to loosen; figuratively, to deceive to various degrees). This is Ramah, meaning “height” or “lofty place” or “deceit” or “established” or “loose.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Ramah.html

^X “David” = David. From the same as dod (beloved, love, uncle); the root may mean to boil, which is used figuratively to describe love. So, this implies someone you love such as a friend, a lover, or a close family member like an uncle. David’s name likely means something like “beloved one.”
^XI “got up” = qum. To arise, stand, accomplish, establish, abide. This is rising as in rising against, getting up after being sick or asleep, arising from one state to another, becoming powerful, or rising for action. It can also be standing in a figurative sense.
^XII “went down” = yarad. This is to go down, descend; going down in a literal or figurative sense. It can be going to the shore or a boundary, bringing down an enemy.

^XIII “wilderness” = midbar. From dabar (to speak, command, declare). This is mouth or speech. It can also be desert or wilderness. Additionally, it can be used for a pasture to which one drives cattle.
^XIV “Paran” = Paran. 11x in OT. From the same as porah (a branch or spring; properly, ornamentation); perhaps from pa’ar (to beautify or adorn, to gleam; can refer to showing honor or glorifying someone; also to boast or to shake a tree for harvest). This is Paran, perhaps meaning ornamental.
^XV “man” = ish. Perhaps from enosh (human, humankind, mortal); from anash (to be weak, sick, or frail). This is man, husband, another, or humankind.
^XVI “Maon” = Maon. 8x in OT. From maon (dwelling, den, haunt, retreat; can refer to the Tabernacle or Temple; can also be used for homes or animal lairs); from anah (to answer, respond, announce, sing, shout, or testify; to pay attention, which implies responding and, by extension, starting to talk; singing, shouting, testifying, etc.) OR from the same as onah (marriage, living together, marital duty). This is Maon, a personal and place name that means “habitation” or “residence” or abode.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Maon.html

^XVII “property” = maaseh. From asah (to do, make, accomplish, become). This is a work – any action whether positive or negative. It can also be a transaction, construction, activity, property, or something that is produced.
^XVIII “Carmel” = Karmel. From the same as kerem (vineyard, garden, vines, or a vintage). This is Carmel, a city whose name means “fruitful plentiful field” or “plantation” or “orchard” or “garden.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Carmel.html
^XIX “very” = meod. Perhaps from the same as uwd (firebrand, a poker). This is very, greatly, exceedingly. It can also mean vehemence, force, abundance.
^XX “rich” = gadol. From gadal (to grow up, become great, become wealthy – to advance. The root meaning may be to twist in the sense of the process of growing). This is great, high, bigger, noble, old, marvelous. It can also refer to someone who is powerful or distinguished.

^XXI “three” = shalosh. This is three, fork, three times.
^XXII “thousand” = eleph. Perhaps from the same as eleph (herd, cattle); from alaph (to learn, speak, associate with). This is thousand.
^XXIII “sheep” = tson. This is a flock of sheep and goats.
^XXIV “goats” = ez. Perhaps from azaz (to be strong in a literal or figurative sense, overcome, be impudent). This is a female goat, but can refer to male goats when plural.
^XXV “was” = hayah. This is to be or become, to happen.
^XXVI “shearing” = gazaz. 15x in OT. This is to cut off, shave, shear sheep. figuratively, it can mean to conquer an enemy.

^XXVII “name” = shem. Related to “Samuel” in v1. See note I above.
^XXVIII “Nabal” = Nabal. From nabal (to be foolish, senseless, fall away, faint, wither, to be wicked, disgrace). This is Nabal, meaning “dolt.”
^XXIX “wife” = ishshah. Related to “man” in v2. From ish (see note XV above); perhaps from enosh (human, humankind, mortal); from anash (to be weak, sick, or frail). This is woman, wife, or female.
^XXX “Abigail” = Abigayil. 17x in OT. From ab (father, ancestor, grandfather; father in a literal or figurative sense) + gil (circle, rejoicing, or age); {from gil (properly, twirling around because of a strong feeling – whether of rejoicing or from fear; to rejoice, be glad or joyful, to cry)}. This is Abigail, meaning “my father is joy” or “the father is joyful” or “father of exultation” or “source of joy.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Abigail.html

^XXXI “woman” = ishshah. Same as “wife” in v3. See note XXIX above.
^XXXII “clever” = tob + sekel. Tob is from tob (to be pleasing, to be good). This is good, beautiful, pleasant, agreeable, bountiful, at ease. This word is used for goodness as a concept, a good thing, a good person. This can refer to prosperity and welfare as well as joy, kindness, sweetness, and graciousness. So, this is ethically good, but also enjoyably good. Sekel is 16x in OT. From sakal (to consider or be prudent; to instruct, be an expert; dealing prudently, which implies success and prospering; can mean laying cross-wise). This is prudence, insight, understanding, wisdom, discretion, success.
^XXXIII “beautiful” = toar. 15x in OT. From taar (to incline, extend, mark out). This is an outline and so a form or figure or appearance.

^XXXIV “surly” = qasheh. From qashah (to be fierce, cruel, dense, tough, severe). This is hard, severe, heavy, obstinate, hard-hearted.
^XXXV “mean” = ra’ + maalal. Ra’ is from ra’a’ (to be evil, bad, afflict; properly, to spoil – to destroy by breaking into pieces; figuratively, to cause something to be worthless; this is bad in a physical, social, or moral sense; that which displeases, to do harm or mischief, to punish or vex). This is bad, disagreeable, that which causes pain, misery, something having little or no value, something that is ethically bad, wicked, injury, calamity. This refers to anything that is not what it ought to be – a natural disaster, a disfigurement, an injury, a sin. Maalal is from alal (to affect, do, practice, mock, overdo, glean, abuse, pain). This is some kind of deed, action, invention or practice whether good or bad.
^XXXVI “Calebite” = Kalibbo. 1x in OT.  From Kaleb (Caleb, Kaleb; means “dog” or “unsophisticated servant”); from the same as keleb (a dog, male prostitute; perhaps from a word meaning to yelp or attack). This is someone descended from Caleb. See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Caleb.html

^XXXVII “heard” = shama. Related to “Samuel” in v1. See note I above.
^XXXVIII “sent” = shalach. This is to send out, away, send for, forsake. It can also mean to divorce or set a slave free.
^XXXIX “ten” = eser. Perhaps from asar (to tithe, render a tenth of). This is ten or -teen. While 7 is symbolically the number of perfection, ten is also symbolically a number of perfection (but to a lesser degree than 7 is).
^XL “young men” = naar. May be from na’ar (to shake, toss up and down, tumble around). This is a child or a servant. It is a child in their active years so they could be aged anywhere from infancy to adolescence.

^XLI “said” = amar. This is to speak, say, answer, command, promise, report.
^XLII “go up” = alah. This is to go up, approach, ascend, be high, be a priority; to arise in a literal or figurative sense.
^XLIII “go” = bo. This is to enter, come in, advance, fulfill, bring offerings, enter to worship, attack. It can also have a sexual connotation.
^XLIV “greet” = shaal…shalom. Shaal is to ask, inquire, beg, borrow, desire, request. It can also mean to demand. Shalom is from shalam (to be complete or sound; to have safety mentally, physically, or extending to one’s estate; so, if these things are safe and complete, the implication is that one would be friendly; and, if being friendly, one would make amends and that friendship would be reciprocated). This is completeness, soundness, welfare, favor, friend, good health. It is to be safe and figuratively well, happy, at peace, friendly. Abstractly, it includes the ideas of welfare and prosperity (not in excessive wealth, but in having enough).

^XLV {untranslated} = amar. Same as “said” in v5. See note XLI above.
^XLVI “thus” = koh. Perhaps from ki (that, for when, certainly) + hu (he, she, it). This is like this, thus, here, now.
^XLVII “salute” = chay. From chayah (to live or keep alive literally or figuratively). This is alive, living, lifetime. It can also be used to describe someone’s age. It can refer to animals, plants, water, or a company or congregation of people. It is life in a very broad sense.
^XLVIII “peace” = shalom. Same as “greet” in v5. See note XLIV above.
^XLIX “house” = bayit. Same as “home” in v1. See note VIII above.

^L {untranslated} = attah. Related to “Maon” in v2. Perhaps from et (a period or season; whenever or continually); probably from anah (see note XVI above). This is now, from now on.
^LI “have shearers” = gazaz. Same as “shearing” in v2. See note XXVI above.
^LII “now” = attah. Same as {untranslated} in v7. See note L above.
^LIII “shepherds” = ra’ah. This is to tend a flock, pasture, or graze. It can mean to rule or to associate with someone. Figuratively, it can be ruler or teacher.

^LIV “did…harm” = kalam. This is bearing shame, bringing dishonor or disgrace, humiliate insult, taunt, embarrass, reproach. Properly, to wound in a figurative sense.
^LV “missed” = paqad. This is to attend to or visit – can be used for a friendly or violent encounter. So, it can be to oversee, care for, avenge, or charge.
^LVI “nothing” = lo…meumah. Meumah is from the same as mum (defect – an ethical one or a literal bodily one). Its root may mean to stain. This can mean a speck or fault. More broadly, it can also refer to anything or nothing.
^LVII “time” = yom. Root may mean being hot. This is the day in a literal or figurative sense. It can also mean birth, age, daylight, continually or other references to time.

^LVIII “ask” = shaal. Same as “greet” in v5. See note XLIV above.
^LIX “tell” = nagad. This is to declare, make conspicuous, stand in front, manifest, predict, explain.
^LX “find” = matsa. This is to find, catch or acquire. It can also mean to come forth or appear. Figuratively, this can mean to meet or be together with.
^LXI “favor” = chen. From chanan (beseech, show favor, be gracious; properly, to bend in kindness to someone with less status). This is grace, favor, kindness, beauty, precious.
^LXII “sight” = ayin. This is eye in a literal or figurative sense so eye, appearance, favor, or a fountain (the eye of the landscape).

^LXIII “come” = bo. Same as “go” in v5. See note XLIII above.
^LXIV “feast” = tob. Same as “clever” in v3. See note XXXII above.
^LXV “day” = yom. Same as “time” in v7. See note LVII above.
^LXVI “please” = na. This particle is used for requests or for urging. It can be we pray, now, I ask you, oh. This is the same “na” in “hosanna.”
^LXVII “give” = natan. This is to give, put, set, offer. It is to give literally or figuratively.

^LXVIII “have” = matsa. Same as “find” in v8. See note LX above.
^LXIX “hand” = yad. This is hand, ability, power. Hand in a literal sense, but also what one can do or the means by which one does it.
^LXX “servants” = ebed. From abad (to work, serve, compel; any kind of work; used causatively, can mean to enslave or keep in bondage). This is a servant, slave, or bondservant.
^LXXI “son” = ben. Related to “home” in v1. From banah (see note VIII above). This is son, age, child. It is son in a literal or figurative sense.

^LXXII “said” = dabar. Related to “wilderness” in v1. See note XIII above.
^LXXIII {untranslated} = dabar. Related to “wilderness” in v1 & “said” in v9. From dabar (see note XIII above). This is speech, a word, a matter, an affair, charge, command, message, promise, purpose, report, request. It is a word, which implies things that are spoken of in a wide sense.
^LXXIV “waited” = nuach. This is to rest, calm, camp, free, place, remain, satisfy, settle, station, or wait. It is rest and so implies settling down in a literal or figurative sense. This is perhaps the root verb of the name “Noah.”

^LXXV “answered” = anah. Related to “Maon” in v2 & {untranslated} in v7. See note XVI above.
^LXXVI {untranslated} = amar. Same as “said” in v5. See note XLI above.
^LXXVII “Jesse” = Yishay. Perhaps from ish (man); {perhaps from enosh (human, humankind, mortal); from anash (to be weak, sick, or frail)} OR from the same as yesh (being, existence, substance). This is Jesse, a name which means “my husband” or “the Lord exists.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Jesse.html

^LXXVIII “are many” = rabah. This is increasing in any aspect whether quantity, authority, size, quality, greatness, etc.
^LXXIX “today” = yom. Same as “time” in v7. See note LVII above.
^LXXX “breaking away” = parats. This is to make a breach, burst out, compel, disperse. It is to break out literally or figuratively.
^LXXXI “from” = paneh. From panah (to turn, face, appear). This is face in a literal or figurative sense. It could be face, presence, anger, respect. It can also be used of God to indicate divine favor or presence.
^LXXXII {untranslated} = ish. Same as “man” in v2. See note XV above.
^LXXXIII “masters” = adon. From a root that means ruling or being sovereign. This is lord, master, or owner.

^LXXXIV “take” = laqach. This is to take, accept, carry away, receive. It can also have the sense of take a wife or take in marriage.
^LXXXV “bread” = lechem. From lacham (to eat, feed on). This is bread, food, loaf. It can refer to food more generally for people or for animals.
^LXXXVI “water” = mayim. This is water, waters, or waterway in a general sense. Figuratively, it can also mean juice, urine, or semen.
^LXXXVII “meat” = tibchah. 3x in OT. From tebach (slaughtering, food, animal, sore, butchery; place where animals are slaughtered); from tabach (to slaughter or butcher; of animals or people). This is slaughter, flesh, something that has been slaughtered.

^LXXXVIII “butchered” = tabach. Related to “meat” in v11. 11x in OT. See note LXXXVII above.
^LXXXIX “shearers” = gazaz. Same as “shearing” in v2. See note XXVI above.
^XC “know” = yada. This is to know, acknowledge, advise, answer, be aware, be acquainted with. Properly, this is to figure something out by seeing. It includes ideas of observation, recognition, and care about something. It can be used causatively for instruction, designation, and punishment.

^XCI “turned away” = haphak + derek. Haphak is to turn, overturn, change, return, turn over, pervert. Derek is from darak (to tread, march, to walk. Can also mean affixing a string to a box since one needs to step on it to bend it in the process; so also an archer). This is a road as a thing that is walked on. Can be used figuratively for the path that one’s life takes or how one chooses to live one’s life.
^XCII “came back = shub + bo. Shub is to turn back, return, turn away – literally or figuratively. Doesn’t necessarily imply going back to where you started from. This is also the root verb for the Hebrew word for repentance “teshubah.” Bo is the same as “go” in v5. See note XLIII above.
^XCIII {untranslated} = dabar. Same as {untranslated} in v9. See note LXXIII above.

^XCIV “said” = amar. Same as “said” in v5. See note XLI above.
^XCV “every man” = ish. Same as “man” in v2. See note XV above.
^XCVI “strap on” = chagar. This is to gird, bind, or arm. Generally, it is using a belt to gather up one’s garment so that it’s easier to run or move quickly.
^XCVII “sword” = chereb. From charab (to attack, slay). This is any sharp instrument like a sword, dagger, axe, or mattock.

^XCVIII “every one” = ish. Same as “man” in v2. See note XV above.
^XCIX “also” = gam. This is also, moreover, again.
^C “four” = arba. From raba (to make square or be four-sided). This is four.
^CI “hundred” = meah. This is hundred or some number times one hundred (i.e. hundredfold or the base of two hundred, three hundred, etc.).

^CII “after” = achar. From achar (to remain behind, linger, continue, be behind, or delay; can also imply procrastination). This is after or the last part, following.
^CIII “remained” = yashab. This is to sit and so to remain and so to dwell. It is sitting for any reason – as a judge, in order to ambush, or just sitting quietly. Causatively, this can mean settling or marrying. This can also mean continue, endure, or establish.
^CIV “baggage” = keli. From kalah (to end, be finished, complete, prepare, consume, spent, or completely destroyed). This is something that was prepared – any implement, utensil, article, vessel, weapon, or instrument. Also includes jewels, weapons, bags, carriages, and furniture.

^CV “one” = echad. Perhaps from achad (to unify, continue on a path; figuratively, to gather one’s thoughts). This is the number one, first, united. It can also be alone, altogether, a certain, a few.
^CVI {untranslated}. Literally, “saying of the young men” = naar + amar. Naar is the same as “young men” in v5. See note XL above. Amar is the same as “said” in v5. See note XLI above.
^CVII {untranslated} = hinneh. From hen (lo! Behold! If, though; an expression of surprise). This is to draw attention, show suddenness or surprise, or to emphasize the importance of the coming statement. See! Lo! Behold!

^CVIII “messengers” = malak. This is a messenger, an angel, or a deputy of some kind. Can be used for human messengers literally or for prophets, priests, or teachers as messengers of God. Also used for supernatural messengers i.e. angels.
^CIX “salute” = barak. This is to kneel, to bless. It is blessing God as part of worship and adoration or blessing humans to help them. It can be used as a euphemism to say curse God.
^CX “shouted insults” = iyt. 2x in OT. This is to swoop down, to scream, to shout insults.

^CXI “men” = enosh. Related to “man” in v2 & “wife” in v3. See note XV above.
^CXII “good” = tob. Same as “clever” in v3. See note XXXII above.
^CXIII “suffered…harm” = kalam. Same as “did…harm” in v7. See note LIV above.
^CXIV “anything” = meumah. Same as “nothing” in v7. See note LVI above.
^CXV “fields” = sadeh. From the same as shadday (almighty, field, land); from shadad (to devastate, ruin, destroy, oppress, be powerful). Or, it may be from a word that means to spread out. This is field, ground, soil, or land. It can be used to mean wild as in a wild animal.

^CXVI “as long as” = kol + yom. Literally, “all of the days.” Kol is the same as “all” in v1. See note III above. Yom is the same as “time” in v7. See note LVII above.
^CXVII “were” = halak. This is go, come, walk. It is walk literally and figuratively and includes people and animals. It can be used figuratively for one’s moral life – how we walk according to God’s way or against it. It can also refer to the walk of life as in the course one’s life takes, the choices we make, etc.
^CXVIII “wall” = chomah. From the same as cham (father-in-law – one’s husband’s father; perhaps from a root meaning to join). This is a wall – a wall as used for protection.
^CXIX “both” = gam. Same as “also” in v13. See note XCIX above.

^CXX “night” = layil. Properly, this refers to light twisting away. It is used for night or midnight. Figuratively, this can mean adversity.
^CXXI {untranslated} = gam. Same as “also” in v13. See note XCIX above.
^CXXII “by day” = yomam. Related to “time” in v7. From yom (see note LVII above). Root may mean to be hot. So, this is day as the hours that are hot. This can be daytime in a literal or figurative sense.
^CXXIII “while” = yom. Same as “time” in v7. See note LVII above.
^CXXIV “keeping” = ra’ah. Same as “shepherds” in v7. See note LIII above.

^CXXV “consider” = raah. This is to see in a literal or figurative sense so stare, advise, think, view.
^CXXVI “do” = asah. Related to “property” in v2. See note XVII above.
^CXXVII “evil” = ra’. Same as “mean” in v3. See note XXXV above.
^CXXVIII “decided” = kalah. Related to “baggage” in v13. See note CIV above.

^CXXIX “ill-natured” = ben + beliyaal. Ben is the same as “son” in v8. See note LXXI above. Beliyaal is from beli (lack, nothing, without, wearing out, failure, destruction); {from balah (to grow old, wear out, waste away, consume, spend)} + yaal (to gain, profit, do good, ascend, be useful or valuable; benefitted). This is lacking profit i.e. worthlessness, destruction, evil, ungodly person, wickedness, or Belial.
^CXXX “speak” = dabar. Same as {untranslated} in v9. See note LXXIII above.
^CXXXI “hurried” = mahar. This is being liquid, which implies flowing. So, this word implies hurrying forward, whether in a positive or negative sense.
^CXXXII “loaves” = lechem. Same as “bread” in v11. See note LXXXV above.

^CXXXIII “two” = shenayim. From sheni (double, again, another, second); from shanah (to fold, repeat, double, alter, or disguise). This is two, both, second, couple.
^CXXXIV “skins” = nebel. From nabel (to fall away, faint, wither, languish, sink; figuratively, being senseless, foolish, or wicked; to despise, disgrace, or fall to nothing, to be seen with contempt). This is a vessel, perhaps made of skins for holding liquids. It could be a skin, vase, or lyre as having a similar shape.
^CXXXV “wine” = yayin. Root may mean to effervesce, referring to the fermentation process. This is wine, grape, or banquet. It can imply intoxication.

^CXXXVI “five” = chamesh. This is five.
^CXXXVII “ready dressed” = asah. Same as “do” in v17. See note CXXVI above.
^CXXXVIII “measures” = seah. 9x in OT. This is a seah, used to measure flour or grain – about 7 quarts.
^CXXXIX “parched” = qali. 6x in OT. From qalah (to roast, toast or parch – to dry or scorch in part). This is parched or roasted – used to refer to grain.
^CXL “clusters of raisins” = tsimmuq. 4x in OT. From tsamaq (to shrivel, dry). This is cluster or bunch of raisins.
^CXLI “cakes of figs” = debelah. 6x in OT. May be from a word that means press together. This is a lump or cake – specifically of figs.

^CXLII “loaded” = sim. Related to “Samuel” in v1 & “name” in v3. See note I above.
^CXLIII “donkeys” = chamor. From chamar (to be red, blush). This is a male donkey.
^CXLIV “said” = amar. Same as “said” in v5. See note XLI above.
^CXLV “go on” = abar. This is to pass over or cross over. It is used for transitions, whether literal or figurative. It can also mean to escape, alienate, or fail. This is the root verb from which “Hebrew” is drawn.
^CXLVI “ahead” = paneh. Same as “from” in v10. See note LXXXI above.

^CXLVII {untranslated} = hen. Related to {untranslated} in v14. See note CVII above.
^CXLVIII “coming” = bo. Same as “go” in v5. See note XLIII above.
^CXLIX “husband” = ish. Same as “man” in v2. See note XV above.
^CL {untranslated} = hayah. Same as “was” in v2. See note XXV above.
^CLI “rode” = rakab. This is to ride an animal or in some vehicle. It can also mean bringing on a horse.
^CLII “came down” = yarad. Same as “went down” in v1. See note XII above.

^CLIII “cover” = sether. From sathar (hide, conceal, or be absent; hiding because something is covered – used in a literal or figurative sense). This is covering, shelter, protection, hiding place. It can be hidden by a mountain, by clouds, in the womb, in a matter of secrecy, through slander, or of nations.
^CLIV “mountain” = har. From harar (hill or mountain). This is mountain, hill, hilly region.
^CLV {untranslated} = hinneh. Same as {untranslated} in v14. See note CVII above.
^CLVI “men” = ish. Same as “man” in v2. See note XV above.

^CLVII “toward” = qara. This is to meet, befall, happen upon. It can be to encounter by chance or for aggression.
^CLVIII “met” = pagash. 14x in OT. This is to meet. It could be an incidental meeting or a violence encounter. It can also mean to have something in common or to agree.
^CLIX “said” = amar. Same as “said” in v5. See note XLI above.
^CLX “surely” = ak. Related to aken (surely, truly, nevertheless); from kun (properly, in a perpendicular position; literally, to establish, fix, fasten, prepare; figuratively, it is certainty, to be firm, faithfulness, render sure or prosperous). This is a positive statement – surely, also, certainly, alone, only.
^CLXI “in vain” = sheqer. This is deception, lie, or disappointment. It can also be something that is vain or wrongfully.

^CLXII “protected” = shamar. This is to keep, watch, or preserve. It means to guard something or to protect it as a thorny hedge protects something.
^CLXIII “returned” = shub. Same as “came back” in v12. See note CLXIII above.
^CLXIV “for” = tachat. This is underneath, below, the bottom, instead of.
^CLXV “God” = Elohim. Related to “Samuel” and “Israel” in v1. See note I above.
^CLXVI “so” = koh. Same as “thus” in v6. See note XLVI above.
^CLXVII {untranslated} = oyeb. From ayab (to hate or be hostile to). This is a foe or enemy as one that you are hostile to.

^CLXVIII “more” = yasaph. This is to add, increase, continue, exceed.
^CLXIX “also” = koh. Same as “thus” in v6. See note XLVI above.
^CLXX “morning” = boqer. From baqar (to seek, plow, break forth, admire, care for). This refers to the break of day. So it is dawn, early, morning, or morrow.
^CLXXI “leave” = shaar. Properly, this is swelling up i.e. being left over, a remnant, remaining, being redundant.
^CLXXII “one male” = shathan + qir. Literally, “one who urinates against a wall.” Shathan is 6x in OT. From shayin (urine). This is to urinate. Qir is perhaps from qur (to dig, destroy, wall up). This is a wall, ceiling, surface, mason, or town.

^CLXXIII “saw” = raah. Same as “consider” in v17. See note CXXV above.
^CLXXIV “dismounted” = yarad. Same as “went down” in v1. See note XII above.
^CLXXV “fell” = naphal. This is to fall, whether by accident, to fall prostrate, or to fall in violent death. Figuratively, it can refer to personal ruin or calamity, a city falling, an attack or a falling away. It can also be a deep sleep or wasting away.

^CLXXVI “before” = aph. From anaph (to be angry; properly, breathing hard as a signifier of being enraged). This properly refers to the nose or nostril and by extension the face. It can specifically refer to anger or wrath as one breathes hard and nostrils flare in times of great anger.
^CLXXVII “face” = paneh. Same as “from” in v10. See note LXXXI above.
^CLXXVIII “bowing” = shachah. This is to bow down, make a humble entreaty, to do homage to royalty or to God.
^CLXXIX “ground” = erets. Root may mean to be firm. This is earth, ground, field land, or country.

^CLXXX “feet” = regel. This is foot, endurance, or journey. It is a foot as the means of walking and so it implies a step or a greater journey. It can be used euphemistically for private parts.
^CLXXXI “said” = amar. Same as “said” in v5. See note XLI above.
^CLXXXII “lord” = adon. Same as “masters” in v10. See note LXXXIII above.
^CLXXXIII “guilt” = avon. Perhaps related to avah (to bend, twist, be amiss). This is sin, mischief, guilt, fault, punishment for iniquity, or moral evil.

^CLXXXIV “servant” = amah. This is female servant or slave, handmaid.
^CLXXXV “ears” = ozen. This is ear, hearing, audience, show. Properly, it is broadness – applied to its ear in reference to its shape.
^CLXXXVI “words” = dabar. Same as {untranslated} in v9. See note LXXIII above.
^CLXXXVII “servant” = amah. Same as “servant” in v24. See note CLXXXIV above.

^CLXXXVIII {untranslated} = na. Same as “please” in v8. See note LXVI above.
^CLXXXIX “take seriously” = sim + leb. Sim is the same as “loaded” in v18. See note CXLII above. Leb is from the same as lebab (the heart, courage, one’s inner self, the mind, the will; only used in a figurative sense in the Bible); may be related to labab (to encourage; properly, to be encased as with fat; used in a good sense, this means to transport someone with love; used in a bad sense, it can mean to dull one’s senses).. This is inner self, mind, will, feelings, the center.
^CXC “fellow” = ish. Same as “man” in v2. See note XV above.

^CXCI “so” = ken. Related to “surely” in v21. Perhaps from kun (see note CLX above). This is to set upright. Generally used figuratively to mean thus, so, afterwards, rightly so.
^CXCII “folly” = nebalah. Related to “Nabal” in v3. 13x in OT. From nabal (see note XXVIII above). This is foolishness, disgrace, folly, outrage, villainy, a crime or punishment. Used frequently of sexual sin, but not always.
^CXCIII “servant” = amah. Same as “servant” in v24. See note CLXXXIV above.

^CXCIV “Lord” = YHVH. Related to “was” in v2. From havah (to be, become) or hayah (see note XXV above). This is the name of the God of Israel, the self-existent and eternal one, the tetragrammaton. This pronunciation has been lost to time so “Lord” is generally used in its place.
^CXCV “lives” = chay. Same as “salute” in v6. See note XLVII above.
^CXCVI “yourself” = nephesh. Related to naphash (to refresh or be refreshed). This is soul, self, person, emotion. It is a breathing creature. Can also refer to appetites and desires.

^CXCVII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v26. See note CXCIV above.
^CXCVIII “restrained” = mana. This is to hold back, refuse, restrain, deny. It could be in a positive or in a negative sense.
^CXCIX “bloodguilt” = bo + dam. Literally, “coming to bloodshed.” Bo is the same as “go” in v5. See note XLIII above. Dam is perhaps from damam (to cease, be or become mute, silent, still, cut off, hold peace, be astonished, die). This is blood, bloodshed, bloodguilt, lifeblood, and death. It is used for people and animals. More often blood from a wound or the blood of the innocent. Used figuratively for violence or for wine. Closely tied to life and death.

^CC “taking vengeance” = yasha. To deliver, defend, help, preserve, rescue, be safe. Properly, to be open, wide or free, which implies being safe. Used causatively, it means to free.
^CCI “enemies” = oyeb. Same as {untranslated} in v22. See note CLXVII above.
^CCII “seek” = baqash. This is to seek, ask, desire, or request. It can be any kind of searching. It can also mean to worship or pray – implies a striving for.
^CCIII “lord” = adon. Same as “masters” in v10. See note LXXXIII above.

^CCIV “present” = barakah. Related to “salute” in v14. From barak (see note CIX above). This is blessing, which implies prosperity or peace.
^CCV “servant” = shiphchah. Root may mean to spread out – it would be the same root used in mishpachah, which means family or clan. This is maidservant, female slave, or female bondslave.
^CCVI “brought” = bo. Same as “go” in v5. See note XLIII above.
^CCVII “lord” = adon. Same as “masters” in v10. See note LXXXIII above.
^CCVIII “follow” = halak + regel. Halak is the same as “were” in v15. See note CXVII above. Regel is the same as “feet” in v24. See note CLXXX above.
^CCIX “lord” = adon. Same as “masters” in v10. See note LXXXIII above.

^CCX “forgive” = nasa. This is to lift in a broad sense, literally and figuratively. So it could be to carry, take, or arise. It could also be bring forth, advance, accept.
^CCXI “trespass” = pesha. From pasha (to rebel, offend, quarrel; making a break from proper authority so can also refer to an apostate). This is transgression, rebellion, or sin. It could be a revolt on a national scale or an individual moral one.
^CCXII “servant” = amah. Same as “servant” in v24. See note CLXXXIV above.

^CCXIII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v26. See note CXCIV above.
^CCXIV “certainly make” = asah + asah. This is to make, do, act, appoint, become in many senses. The word is repeated twice – the first time as an Infinitive Absolute. The Infinitive Absolute serves to emphasize the sentiment of the word. It is rather like Foghorn Leghorn’s speech pattern, “I said, I said.”
^CCXV “lord” = adon. Same as “masters” in v10. See note LXXXIII above.
^CCXVI “sure” = aman. This is to believe, endure, fulfill, confirm, support, be faithful. It is to put one’s trust in, be steadfast. Figuratively, this is to be firm, steadfast, or faithful, trusting, believing, being permanent, morally solid. This is where the word “amen” comes from.

^CCXVII “lord” = adon. Same as “masters” in v10. See note LXXXIII above.
^CCXVIII “fighting” = lacham. Related to “bread” in v11 & “battles” in v28. See note LXXXV above.
^CCXIX “battles” = milchamah. Related to “bread” in v11. From lacham (see note LXXXV above). This is battle, war, fighting, or one who fights (i.e. a warrior).
^CCXX “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v26. See note CXCIV above.
^CCXXI “live” = yom. Literally, “throughout your days.” Same as “time” in v7. See note LVII above.

^CCXXII “anyone” = adam. Perhaps from adam (to be red, make ruddy); related to adamah (ground, dirt, earth). This is man, humankind, also Adam’s name. It refers to a human individual or humanity.
^CCXXIII “rise up” = qum. Same as “got up” in v1. See note XI above.
^CCXXIV “pursue” = radaph. This is to chase after, pursue, hunt, or persecute. It is running after someone or something, generally with hostile motives.
^CCXXV “life” = nephesh. Same as “yourself” in v26. See note CXCVI above.

^CCXXVI “life” = nephesh. Same as “yourself” in v26. See note CXCVI above.
^CCXXVII “lord” = adon. Same as “masters” in v10. See note LXXXIII above.
^CCXXVIII “bound” = tsarar. This is to bind, restrict, narrow, be cramped, an adversary.
^CCXXIX “bundle” = tsrowr. Related to “bound” in v29. 10x in OT. From tsarar (see note CCXXVIII above). This is bag, pouch, pebble, Zeror.
^CCXXX “living” = chay. Same as “salute” in v6. See note XLVII above.

^CCXXXI “sling out” = qala. 7x in OT. This is to carve, sling, or hurl out.
^CCXXXII “from” = tavek. This is among, middle, in the midst, the center. Perhaps, properly, to sever.
^CCXXXIII “hollow” = kaph. From kaphaph (to bend – from a root meaning curve or bend down). This is palm of the hand or sole of the foot, footstep, grasp. Figuratively, it can also mean power.
^CCXXXIV “sling” = qela. Related to “sling out” in v29. From qala (see note CCXXXI above). This is something that hangs like a door screen, a door, a leaf or a sling.

^CCXXXV {untranslated} = hayah. Same as “was” in v2. See note XXV above.
^CCXXXVI “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v26. See note CXCIV above.
^CCXXXVII “lord” = adon. Same as “masters” in v10. See note LXXXIII above.
^CCXXXVIII “appointed” = tsavah. This is to charge, command, order, appoint, or enjoin. This is the root that the Hebrew word for “commandment” comes from (mitsvah).
^CCXXXIX “prince” = nagid. Related to “tell” in v8. From nagad (see note LIX above). This is a commander or leader as the one who stands at the front, whether in a military, religious, or civic setting. It can also mean honorable or noble in an abstract sense.

^CCXL “lord” = adon. Same as “masters” in v10. See note LXXXIII above.
^CCXLI “have” = hayah. Same as “was” in v2. See note XXV above.
^CCXLII “grief” = puqah. 1x in OT. From paqaq (to open, break forth) OR from puq (to bring out, supply, stumble). This is a lintel. It can also refer to staggering or grief.
^CCXLIII “pangs” = mikshol. 14x in OT. From kashal (to stumble, fail, be weak or decayed, be overthrown, to totter; weak legs or ankles so to falter, faint, or fall). This is a stumbling or something that causes one to stumble like an obstacle literal or figurative.  It can also refer to an offense, an idol, or to ruin.
^CCXLIV “conscience” = leb. Same as “take seriously” in v25. See note CLXXXIX above.

^CCXLV “shed” = shaphak. This is to pour out, gust, or slip. It can be to pour as blood, a drink offering, or molten metal. It can also mean to create a mound. Figuratively, it can refer to killing, or spending money.
^CCXLVI “blood” = dam. Same as “bloodguilt” in v26. See note CXCIX above.
^CCXLVII “without cause” = chinnam. Related to “favor” in v8. From chen (see note LXI above). This is out of favor, so it can mean without cost, without payment, nothing, vain, or useless.
^CCXLVIII “saved” = yasha. Same as “taking vengeance” in v26. See note CC above.

^CCXLIX “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v26. See note CXCIV above.
^CCL “dealt well” = yatab. This is to be good or pleasing, joyful. It can also mean doing good in an ethical sense or be beautiful, happy, successful, or right.
^CCLI “lord” = adon. Same as “masters” in v10. See note LXXXIII above.
^CCLII “remember” = zakar. This is to remember, to mark something so that it can be recalled, to be mindful of, to mention.
^CCLIII “servant” = amah. Same as “servant” in v24. See note CLXXXIV above.

^CCLIV “said” = amar. Same as “said” in v5. See note XLI above.
^CCLV “blessed be” = barak. Same as “salute” in v14. See note CIX above.
^CCLVI “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v26. See note CXCIV above.
^CCLVII “meet” = qara. Same as “toward” in v20. See note CLVII above.
^CCLVIII “good sense” = taam. 13x in OT. From taam (to taste, perceive). This is taste, perception, discernment, decree, understanding, sanity.

^CCLIX “kept” = kala. 18x in OT. This is to stop in the sense of holding back or restraining. It could be keep, refuse, forbid, or to prohibit by word.
^CCLX “avenging” = yasha. Same as “taking vengeance” in v26. See note CC above.
^CCLXI “surely” = ulam. 19x in OT. From the same as ul (mighty, strength, body, belly; root may mean to twist and that implies strength and power); from alam (to bind or tie fast; to be silent or speechless, whether voluntary or involuntary) or from ayil (strength; things that are strong or powerful: political chiefs, rams, posts, trees, oaks). This is porch or hall.
^CCLXII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v26. See note CXCIV above.
^CCLXIII “lives” = chay. Same as “salute” in v6. See note XLVII above.

^CCLXIV “hurting” = ra’a’. Related to “mean” in v3. See note XXXV above.
^CCLXV “meet” = qara. Same as “toward” in v20. See note CLVII above.
^CCLXVI “left” = yathar. This is to jut over, remain behind, preserve, to excel. It can be to leave or to be in abundance.
^CCLXVII “so much as” = ad + or + boqer. Literally, “by light of morning.” Or is from or (to be or become light). This is light, sun, sunshine, dawn, or daylight. Figuratively, it can refer to light from instruction, light of a face (that is to say one that is cheerful or finds favor). It can refer to prosperity or salvation; a light that guides, a light eternal from Zion. Boqer is the same as “morning” in v22. See note CLXX above.
^CCLXVIII “one male” = shathan + qir. Literally, “one who urinates against a wall.” Same as “one male” in v22. See note CLXXII above.

^CCLXIX “received” = laqach. Same as “take” in v11. See note LXXXIV above.
^CCLXX “said” = amar. Same as “said” in v5. See note XLI above.
^CCLXXI “heeded” = shama. Same as “heard” in v4. See note XXXVII above.
^CCLXXII “voice” = qol. This is a sound, used often for human voices. Also used when God speaks or angels, animals or instruments. It can be a cry or a noise, thunder or earthquakes and so on.
^CCLXXIII “granted” = nasa. Same as “forgive” in v28. See note CCX above.
^CCLXXIV “petition” = paneh. Same as “from” in v10. See note LXXXI above.

^CCLXXV {untranslated} = hinneh. Same as {untranslated} in v14. See note CVII above.
^CCLXXVI “feast” = mishteh. From shathah (to drink literally or figuratively; a drinker). This is drink or the act of drinking. So it is a feast or banquet, as occasions with drinking.
^CCLXXVII “feast” = mishteh. Same as “feast” in v36. See note CCLXXVI above.
^CCLXXVIII “king” = melek. From malak (to be or become king or queen, to rise to the throne, to be crowned; by implication, to take counsel). This is king or royal.

^CCLXXIX “heart” = leb. Same as “take seriously” in v25. See note CLXXXIX above.
^CCLXXX “merry” = tob. Same as “clever” in v3. See note XXXII above.
^CCLXXXI “drunk” = shikkor. 13x in OT. From shakar (to be filled with drink, merry, tipsy; satiated in a positive sense or drunken in a negative sense; also figuratively influence). This is being in an intoxicated state or being a habitual drunkard.

^CCLXXXII “nothing” = lo + dabar. Dabar is the same as {untranslated} in v9. See note LXXIII above.
^CCLXXXIII “at all” = qatan + gadol. Literally, “little or much.” Qatan is from quwt (grieved, cut off, to detest). This is least, small, young, little one. It is literally smaller whether in amount or size. Figuratively it is smaller in the sense of younger or less important. Gadol is the same as “rich” in v2. See note XX above.
^CCLXXXIV “light” = or. Same as “so much as” in v34. See note CCLXVII above.
^CCLXXXV {untranslated} = hayah. Same as “was” in v2. See note XXV above.
^CCLXXXVI “gone out” = yatsa. This is to go or come out, bring forth, appear. It is to go out in a literal or figurative sense.

^CCLXXXVII “things” = dabar. Same as {untranslated} in v9. See note LXXIII above.
^CCLXXXVIII “within” = qereb. Perhaps from qarab (to come near or approach). This is among, in the midst, before, the center It is the inward part, whether literal or figurative. It can also be used for the heart, the site of thoughts and feelings. This word is also used as a technical term for the entrails of the animals who are sacrificed.
^CCLXXXIX “became” = hayah. Same as “was” in v2. See note XXV above.
^CCXC “stone” = eben. This is a stone, weight, or mason. It is part of the word “Ebenezer.”

^CCXCI {untranslated} = hayah. Same as “was” in v2. See note XXV above.
^CCXCII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v26. See note CXCIV above.
^CCXCIII “struck” = nagaph. This is to strike, beat, hurt, stumble, defeat, inflict disease.
^CCXCIV “was dead” = mut. Same as “died” in v1. See note II above.
^CCXCV “said” = amar. Same as “said” in v5. See note XLI above.
^CCXCVI “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v26. See note CXCIV above.

^CCXCVII “judged” = rib. This is properly to toss or grapple. It is used figuratively to mean wrangling and so for arguments, complaints, or disputes. It is used in a legal setting for pleading or defending a case.
^CCXCVIII “case” = rib. Related to “judged” in v39. From rib (see note CCXCVII above). This is strife or dispute – whether a personal one or one in a court of law.
^CCXCIX “insult” = cherpah. From charaph (to expose and so figuratively to reproach, defame, carp at, defy). This is reproach, rebuke, shame, or disgrace. It can also refer to genitals.
^CCC {untranslated} = yad. Same as “hand” in v8. See note LXIX above.

^CCCI “kept back” = chasak. This is to restrain, refrain, or hold back. It can mean to spare, to preserve or to punish, depending on the context.
^CCCII “servant” = ebed. Same as “servants” in v8. See note LXX above.
^CCCIII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v26. See note CXCIV above.
^CCCIV “evildoing” = ra’. Same as “mean” in v3. See note XXXV above.
^CCCV “head” = rosh. This may come a word that means to shake. It is the head, captain, or chief. It can also be excellent or the forefront. It can be first in position or in statue or in time (i.e. the beginning).
^CCCVI “word” = dabar. Same as “said” in v9. See note LXXII above.
^CCCVII “make” = laqach. Same as “take” in v11. See note LXXXIV above.

^CCCVIII “servants” = ebed. Same as “servants” in v8. See note LXX above.
^CCCIX “said” = dabar. Same as “said” in v9. See note LXXII above.
^CCCX {untranslated} = amar. Same as “said” in v5. See note XLI above.
^CCCXI “face” = aph. Same as “before” in v23. See note CLXXVI above.
^CCCXII “said” = amar. Same as “said” in v5. See note XLI above.
^CCCXIII {untranslated} = hinneh. Same as {untranslated} in v14. See note CVII above.
^CCCXIV “servant” = amah. Same as “servant” in v24. See note CLXXXIV above.

^CCCXV “slave” = shiphchah. Same as “servant” in v27. See note CCV above.
^CCCXVI “wash” = rachats. This is to wash, wash away – it can be complete or partial.
^CCCXVII “servants” = ebed. Same as “servants” in v8. See note LXX above.
^CCCXVIII “lord” = adon. Same as “masters” in v10. See note LXXXIII above.

^CCCXIX “hurriedly” = mahar. Same as “hurried” in v18. See note CXXXI above.
^CCCXX “rode away” = rakab. Same as “rode” in v20. See note CLI above.
^CCCXXI “maids” = naarah. Related to “young men” in v5. From naar (see note XL above). This is a girl or young lady ranging anywhere in age from infancy to adolescence.
^CCCXXII “attended” = halak. Same as “were” in v15. See note CXVII above.
^CCCXXIII “went” = halak. Same as “were” in v15. See note CXVII above.

^CCCXXIV “married” = laqach. Same as “take” in v11. See note LXXXIV above.
^CCCXXV “Ahinoam” = Achinoam. 7x in OT. From ach (brother, kindred, another, other, like) + noam (pleasantness, beauty, favor, agreeableness, delight, splendor, or grace); {from naem (to be pleasant, beautiful, sweet, or agreeable in a literal or figurative sense)}. This is Achinoam or Ahinoam, meaning “my brother is delight” or “brother of pleasantness” or “kindred to sweetness” or “brother of grace” or “a delightful ally.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Ahinoam.html
^CCCXXVI “Jezreel” = Yizreel. Related to “Samuel” and “Israel” in v1 & “God” in v22. From zara (to sow or scatter seed; conceive or yield) + El (see note I above). This is Jezreel or Yizreel. It means “God sows” or “God will sow.”
^CCCXXVII “both” = shenayim. Same as “two” in v18. See note CXXXIII above.
^CCCXXVIII {untranslated} = gam. Same as “also” in v13. See note XCIX above.

^CCCXXIX “Saul” = Shaul. Related to “greet” in v5. From shaal (see note XLIV above). This is Saul or Shaul, meaning “asked of the Lord.”
^CCCXXX “daughter” = bat. Related to “home” in v1 & “son” in v8. From ben (see note LXXI above). This is daughter in a literal or figurative sense.
^CCCXXXI “Michal” = Mikal. 18x in OT. Related to “Samuel” and “Israel” in v1 & “God” in v22 & “Jezreel” in v43. Perhaps from the same as mikal (stream, container, brook); {from yakol (to be able, endure, overcome, prevail)} OR from mi (who) + k– (like) + El (see note I above). This is Michal, whose name may mean “rivulet” or “who is like God” or “what is like God?” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Michal.html

^CCCXXXII “Palti” = Palti. 2x in OT. From palat (to escape, slip out, deliver, calve). This is Palti, meaning “escape” or “delivered” or “escapist” or “the Lord has freed” or “deliverance of the Lord.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Palti.html
^CCCXXXIII “Laish” = Layish. 7x in OT. From the same as layish (lion – as a creature that crushes); from lush (to knead). This is Laish, a city whose name means “lion.”
^CCCXXXIV “Gallim” = Gallim. 2x in OT. From gal (wave, billow, rock pile; something rolled; a spring of water); {from galal (to roll, roll away, wallow, commit, remove; rolling in a literal or figurative sense). This is Gallim, meaning “heaps” or “springs” or “fountains.”